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Wireless Networking

The document discusses different types of wireless networks including IrDA, Bluetooth, HomeRF, and Wi-Fi. It provides details on the key characteristics of each technology such as the frequencies used, typical speeds, ranges, and advantages/disadvantages. The document also describes testing done with wireless equipment on the Clarkson campus network using the PCAttcp tool to analyze TCP and UDP performance over various connection types.

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Sunil Shekhar Nayak
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83 views27 pages

Wireless Networking

The document discusses different types of wireless networks including IrDA, Bluetooth, HomeRF, and Wi-Fi. It provides details on the key characteristics of each technology such as the frequencies used, typical speeds, ranges, and advantages/disadvantages. The document also describes testing done with wireless equipment on the Clarkson campus network using the PCAttcp tool to analyze TCP and UDP performance over various connection types.

Uploaded by

Sunil Shekhar Nayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted By:-

SEEMA DEBATA
Roll No: 20
M.Sc. 1st Year (Computer Science)

Under The Guidance of:-


Mr. Asit Das

UDAYANATH AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


PRACHI JNANAPITHA, ADASPUR
Introduction
 What is a wireless network?
 A technology that enables two or more entities to
communicate without network cabling
Different Wireless Networks
 IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
 Uses beams in the infrared light spectrum
 Bluetooth
 Uses 2.45 gigahertz radio waves, but emits weak signals
 Limits distance to 10 feet, but travels through walls

 HomeRF (SWAP) – developed by businesses


 6 voice channels and 1 data channel
 Slow, and limited range, but cheap
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
 Essentially, this technology is a variation of the
IEEE 802.11 specification known as 802.11b
 Focuses on Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
(DSSS)
 High data rate (max of 11 Mbps)
 In the case of interference, speed drops in halves (11 Mbps to 5.5
Mbps to 2 Mbps to 1 Mbps)
Wi-Fi
 Advantages:
 Fast (11 Mbps)
 Reliable
 Long Range (up to 1000 ft outdoors, 400 ft indoors)
 Easy integration to wired networks
 Compatible with original 802.11 DSSS standard
 Disadvantages:
 Speed may fluctuate
802.11a vs. 802.11b
 Frequency
 802.11b transfers at 2.4 gigahertz
 802.11a transfers at 5 gigahertz
 Coverage Distance
 802.11b goes about 400 feet indoors
 802.11a goes about 60 feet indoors
 Need more access points to cover a location

 Compatible to each other?


 Not yet.
ITL Wireless Equipment
 2 Wireless Access Point Routers (with built in 4 port
switch)
 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) available
 8 Wireless PCMCIA Cards
 4 ORiNOCO Gold 11 Mbps PC Cards
 4 3Com 11 Mbps PC Cards
Wireless Access Point
 LINKSYS
 Model No. BEFW11S4 ver. 2
 Supports
 IEEE 802.3 (10BaseT)
 IEEE 802.3u (100BaseTX)
 IEEE 802.11b (Wireless)

 Built-in router capability


 Obtains a Clarkson IP and uses DHCP

 Built-in 4 port switch


 Fully-configurable through simple web interface
Wireless Cards
 11Mbs
 802.11b compatible
 4 3Com Cards
 Model No. 3CRWE62092A
 4 ORiNOCO (Lucent) Cards
 Model No. 012352/G
Performance
 Inside Range
 anywhere except in bathrooms
 Usually 11 Mbps connection
 Outside Range
 To the SC lecture wing door (closest to ERC)
 Covers faculty lot next to ERC
 Half way to Rowley
 Connection slows as move away from access point
Summer Research
 Protocol
 Method of Communication
 Spoken Language
 Networked Programs (AIM)
 HTTP, Telnet, FTP
Two Main Protocols (Internet)
 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
 Fast, bare-bones, not reliable or friendly
 Can lose data at any time
 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
 Slower, many features, very reliable
 All data will get to the other side
PCAttcp
 Measuring tool for TCP and UDP
 Speed, Throughput, Time
 Amount of Data Sent vs. Amount Received
Our PCAttcp Controller
 Enhanced UDP transfers
 Automated the entire process
 Created an easy way to compile results and graphs
using a spreadsheet for output
 Ran tests on various types of connections
The End!
 Thoughts or
questions?
References
 http://www.howstuffworks.com/wireless-
network.htm
 http://www.80211-
planet.com/columns/article/0,4000,1781_961181,0
0.html
 http://www.80211-
planet.com/columns/article/0,4000,1781_947661,
00.html
 http://www.pcausa.com
Different PCATTCP Trials
Same LAN
(inside Clarkson)

Same Host Same Switch


(same computer) (same lab)

LAN to
LAN to Internet (Clarkson LAN
to a Roadrunner service) (Clarkson
to SUNY
Potsdam)

Note: LAN stands for “Local Area Network”


Bluetooth (cont)
 spread-spectrum frequency hopping – a
device will use 79 individual, randomly
chosen frequencies within a designated
range, changing from one to another on a
regular basis
 When two Bluetooth devices come in contact with
each other, they automatically conversate and
form a personal-area network (PAN)
Spread spectrum
 Spread-spectrum – data is sent in smallpieces over
a number of discrete frequencies available for use at
any time in the specified range
Frequency-hopping spread
spectrum
 send a short burst of data, shift frequencies (hop)
and then send another short burst
 Since the FHSS devices that are communicating
agree on which frequencies to hop to, and use each
frequency for a brief period of time (less than 400
milliseconds) before moving on, several
independent FHSS networks can exist in the same
physical area without interfering with each other
Direct-sequence spread
spectrum
 splitting each byte of data into several parts and
sending them concurrently on different frequencies
 DSSS uses a lot of the available bandwidth, about 22
megahertz (MHz).
The Basics
 4 different types of wireless networks
 IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
 Bluetooth
 HomeRF (SWAP)
 “Shared Wireless Access Protocol”
 WECA (Wi-Fi)
 “Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance”
IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
 Uses beams of light in the infrared spectrum
 Remote controls
 Fairly reliable and low-cost
 Drawback: It is a “line-of-sight” technology
 less interference
 Drawback: “one-to-one” technology
 You can send data only between two things at once (but
increased security?)
Bluetooth
 The magic number: 2.45 gigahertz
 Radio-frequency also used by baby monitors, garage door
openers, and cordless phones
 How do you avoid interference?
 Bluetooth sends weak signals of 1 milliwatt
 Powerful cell phones use 3 watts
 Bluetooth devices limited to 10 meters
 But they can go through walls better than others
HomeRF (SWAP)
 Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP)
 Developed by an alliance of businesses
 6 voice channels and one data channel
 The data channel is the 802.11 wireless-Ethernet specification
by the IEEE
 One drawback: SWAP can only be used with
computers
 Printers and such need to be attached to a computer and
used as a resource
HomeRF (SWAP)
 Advantages:
 Cheap, easy-to-install
 Allows multiple-networks in the same location
 Can encrypt data
 Drawbacks:
 Not very fast (typically limited to 1 Mbps)
 Limited Range (75 to 125 ft)
 Physical obstructions (walls, large metal objects) cause huge
interference issues
 Difficult to integrate into existing wired networks

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