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This document discusses Entity Relationship (ER) modeling concepts. It covers Chen and Crow's Foot notations, existence dependency, and issues that can arise with ER models called connection traps. Specifically, it describes fan traps where the relationship between entities is ambiguous, and chasm traps where a relationship pathway between entities does not actually exist. Examples are provided to illustrate fan and chasm traps and how to resolve them.

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19 views10 pages

New Microsoft Power Point Presentation

This document discusses Entity Relationship (ER) modeling concepts. It covers Chen and Crow's Foot notations, existence dependency, and issues that can arise with ER models called connection traps. Specifically, it describes fan traps where the relationship between entities is ambiguous, and chasm traps where a relationship pathway between entities does not actually exist. Examples are provided to illustrate fan and chasm traps and how to resolve them.

Uploaded by

gud2see
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management Systems-

ER MODEL: POINTS TO
PONDER
By: Ritika Wason
Assistant Professor, IT

1 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason


Topics to be Covered
1. Chen and Crow Foot Notation
2.Exsistence Dependent
3. Problems with ER Model

2 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason


ER NOTATIONS
• Relational Model forms the basis for ER design.
• An ERD represents the conceptual database as viewed by the end user.
• There are three notations for an ERD:
• The original Chen notation: Conceptual Modeling
• Crow Foot Notation: Implementation Modeling
• UML Notation: Conceptual & Implementation Modeling

Stu_Name Student
Roll_No Phone
Roll_No
E_Mail Stu_Name
STUDENT Phone
E-Mail
Chen Notation
3 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason Crow Foot Notation
Existence Dependent
• An entity is said to be existence dependent if it can
exist in the database only when it is associated with
another related entity occurrence.
• In implementation terms, an entity is existent
dependent if it has a mandatory foreign key attribute
that cannot be null.
• For Example: Employee has Dependents
• In this dependents is clearly existence dependent on
employee because it is impossible for a dependent
to occur in the database apart from the employee
4 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason
PROBLEMS WITH ER MODEL
• Some problems called connection traps may arise
when creating an ER model due to misinterpretation
of the meaning of certain relationships. There are
mainly two types of connection traps:
1.FAN TRAPS
A model represents a relationship between entity
types but the path between certain entity
occurrences is ambiguous.It may exist where two
or more 1 to N relationships fan out from the same
entity.

5 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason


FAN TRAP EXAMPLE: PROBLEM
Q. Which member of persons works at a counter?
PERSON
1
has
N 1 N
operates COUNTER
BANK

PERSON has BANK operates COUNTER

101 R1 R4 Cash
B1
102 Teller
R2 R5

6 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason


FAN TRAP EXAMPLE: SOLUTION
BANK
1
operates

N 1 N
has PERSON
COUNTER

BANK operates COUNTER has PERSON


R1 R4
Cash 101
B1
Teller 102
R2 R5

7 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason


CHASM TRAP
• A model suggests the existence of a relationship
between entity types, but the pathway does not
exist between certain entity occurrences.
• Chasm trap may occur where there are one or
more relationships with a minimum multiplicity of
zero forming part of the pathway between related
entities.
• For Ex: Which loan enquiries are available at each
counter?

8 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason


CHASM TRAP EXAMPLE: PROBLEM

COUNTER
1
has
N 1 N
overseas LOAN
PERSON

COUNTER has PERSON overseas LOAN


R1 R4 Home
Cash 101 Loan

Teller Car Loan


R2 102
Enquiry 103 Study Loan
R3 R5
9 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason
CHASM TRAP EXAMPLE: SOLUTION

1
COUNTER offers
1
has 1
N 1 N
overseas LOAN
PERSON

10 DBMS UNIT I by Ritika Wason

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