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Data Communication - cs601 Power Point Slides Lecture 12 1

The document discusses key concepts in data communication including: 1) Sine waves are characterized by their period and frequency, with period being the time to complete one cycle and frequency being the number of cycles per second. 2) Signals can be controlled through their amplitude, frequency, and phase, with amplitude representing strength, frequency representing rate of change, and phase representing position relative to a reference point. 3) Signals can be analyzed in the time domain, which looks at how a signal changes over time, or the frequency domain, which looks at the frequencies that make up a signal. 4) Composite signals are made up of multiple sine waves added together.

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2K views20 pages

Data Communication - cs601 Power Point Slides Lecture 12 1

The document discusses key concepts in data communication including: 1) Sine waves are characterized by their period and frequency, with period being the time to complete one cycle and frequency being the number of cycles per second. 2) Signals can be controlled through their amplitude, frequency, and phase, with amplitude representing strength, frequency representing rate of change, and phase representing position relative to a reference point. 3) Signals can be analyzed in the time domain, which looks at how a signal changes over time, or the frequency domain, which looks at the frequencies that make up a signal. 4) Composite signals are made up of multiple sine waves added together.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATA

COMMUNICATION

Lecture-12
Recap of Lecture 11

 Signals
 Analog and Digital
 Analog and Digital Data & Signals
 Periodic & Aperiodic Signals
 Sine Waves and its Characteristics
Overview of Lecture 12

 Sine Waves and its Characteristics


 Control of Signals
 Time and Frequency Domain
 Composite Signals
Period and Frequency

1 1
T or f 
f T
Example 4.3
 A Sine wave has a frequency of 6
Hz. What is its period?

 Solution
1 1
T   0.17 sec
f 6
Example 4.5
 A Sine wave completes one cycle in
4 seconds. What is its frequency?

 Solution:
1 1
f    0.25 Hz
T 4
Another Way to Look at
Frequency
 Measurement of the rate of change

 How fast the wave moves from its


lowest to its highest point

 Changes in Short Time: High


Frequency
Two Frequency Extremes
 No change at all 
– Zero frequency

 Instantaneous changes 
– Infinite frequency
Phase
 Phase describes the position of the
waveform relative to time zero

 Phase describes the amount of


backward or forward shift of the
waveform

 Measured in Degrees or Radians


Phase
Example 4.7
1
A sine wave is offset 6 of a cycle
with respect to time zero. What is
its phase?

One Cycle = 360 Degrees


1 of a cycle = 360 = 60 Degrees
6 6
Control of Signals

 Signal can be controlled by three


attributes:

– Amplitude
– Frequency
– Phase
Control of Signals- Amplitude
Control of Signals- Frequency
Control of Signals- Phase
Time and Frequency Domain
Time and Frequency Domain
Example
Composite Signals
Summary
 Sine Waves and its Characteristics
 Control of Signals
 Time and Frequency Domain
 Composite Signals
Suggested Reading

 Section 4.4, 4.5 “Data Communications


and Networking” 2nd Edition by Behrouz
A. Forouzan

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