Personal Introduction

 Name: Anjum Nisar Qureshi

 Education:
 M Sc (Econ); Karachi University
 MBA (International Finance & Economics); Los Angeles, California;
USA

 Diploma & Certification:

 Diploma in Accounting (Los Angeles, California; USA)
 Certificate in Case Teaching Methodology (LUMS)
 Leadership Grid

 Professional Experience:
 25 years (16 years with multinationals in the USA)
 Years in T&D: 15 Years

Teaching Experience:
 Bahria University
 FAST National University
 Mohammad Ali Jinnah University
 ICT (PTCL)
 University of Southern Queensland (USQ)

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 Personal Introduction
 Membership In Professional Organizations
 HuCaN (Human Capital Network)
 Centre for Capacity Building
 Alliance for Development
 Professional Trainers & Consultants from Pakistan
 Human Resource Forum

 Areas of Specialization:
 Fact Based Decision Making, Strategic Planning Skills, Conflict
Management & Resolution, Team Building, Time Management,
Workplace Communication, Business Writing Skills, Effective Sales &
Selling, Excellence in Customer Care, Employee Motivation &
Satisfaction, Leadership, Recruitment and Selection, and Interviewing
Skills; etc.

 Client Organization:
 DRC, Friedrick Ebert Stiftung (FES), Care International, Plan
International, UNDP, SCA, and USAID, CESSD, British Council, OGRA,
OPI, Uch Power, OMV, Roche Pakistan, PEPSI Pakistan, PTC, IPS,
Habib Bank Ltd, Khushhali Bank, Planning Commission of Pakistan,
Pakistan Post, PTCL, Ufone, Ericsson, Telenor, British High
Commission (BHC), just to name a few.

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Ground Rules
1. Participation; a must!

2. Participate and voice your

ideas – and let others to do the
same

3. Respectfully listen when others

are presenting.

4. Attend all sessions - & be on

time! No exceptions

5. Your mobile will not ring in the

class

6. Respect for the classmates

3
Beginning to write

Kindly write a page on a topic of your

choice………
 The Writing Process

• Tell us how did you proceed with

the writing assignment

• Do you think, writing is a process

• If yes, what steps if any did you

take in completing your writing
assignment
 The Writing Process
Steps in Writing a Piece
Revising
and Editing
Pre- Drafting
Writing

Planning Final Draft!

and
Organizing
 Introduction
What is the writing process ?

 Writing takes time.

 That’s why writing is often referred to as

a process.

 In other words, there are several steps to

go through before you have a complete
document ready to turn in.
 Introduction
What is the writing process ?

In this class and the next we will talk

about those steps. They are:
 Pre-Writing
 Organizing
 Drafting
 Revising and Editing
 Handing in a Final Copy
As a General Rule
Try using roughly half your time for planning—

for defining your purpose,

getting to know your audience,

immersing yourself in your subject matter,

researching,

outlining, and

working out media selection and organization.

 As a General Rule
 Try to use no more than about a quarter of your time for
writing your document.

 Reserve the remaining quarter of your time for

completing the project, so that you don't shortchange
important completion steps such as;

 revising,
 producing,
 proofreading, and
 distributing.

 Of course, these time allotments will change significantly,

depending on the project.

However, you must understand that there is no right or

best way to write all business messages.
 Pre-Writing
Step One

 Pre-writing literally means, “before writing.”

 Before you actually begin writing your document, you will

need to do the following things:

 choose a topic to write on (in the professional

settings it is usually given to us or we know it

 brainstorm or generate ideas for your topic

 focus in on central ideas

Planning:
Ask your self the following questions:
What is my objective/why am I writing?
What do I know about the subject matter?
Where can I find more information?
Who is my audience (primary and secondary)?
How much do they know about the subject?
What do I want to tell them?
What form is appropriate?
When is the right time to deliver the document?
Who is the right person for delivering?
Gather Information

Informal Methods

Considering Company Supervisors, Asking

Viewpoints Documents Colleagues, Audience for
of Others and Reports and stakeholders Input
 Provide Information
The key to satisfying your audience’s
information needs is finding out what
Accurate
questions your audience has and then To test the thoroughness of your message use the
journalistic approach: Check to see whether your
providing answers that are thorough,
message answers who, what, when, where, why, and
accurate, ethical, and pertinent. how.

Ethical

Relevant
Bias-Free Language
Avoids unethical, embarrassing language blunders related to;

Age

Gender

Disability

Race or Ethnicity
 Organizing
Step Two

 Making an outline can help you organize what you want to

write. This is a rough plan for your document and can
help make the process of writing much easier.

Paper Outline
I. Introduction Thesis: _____________________
II. Body 1. Topic Sentence: _____________
- supporting idea
- supporting idea
2. Topic Sentence: ____________
- supporting idea
- supporting idea
3. Topic Sentence: ____________
- supporting idea
- supporting idea
III. Conclusion
 Drafting
Step Three

 After getting ideas and making an outline of your

document, it is time to start writing the document.

 When you begin writing your rough draft, try to remember

the following guidelines.

 Don’t worry about writing the ‘perfect’ document

the first time.

 Your goal in writing a rough draft is to develop

and support the ideas listed in your outline.

 Don’t focus on spelling and grammar as you write your

rough draft. You can check this later in the writing
process.
 Revising and Editing
Step Four

After you write your first draft, go back over it and look for ways
to improve your paper in content and organization.

This step is called revision.

After you revise for content and organization, begin editing
your draft for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sentence
structure errors.
Revision Editing

Spelling,
Content and Grammar,
Organization Punctuation,
etc.
 METHODS
•A.R.R.R. - This method allows you to make
four types of changes.

•Adding what else does the reader need to

know?

•Rearranging is the information in the most logical

and most effective order?

•Removing what extra details or unnecessary bits

of information are in this document?

•Replacing what words or details could be replaced

by clearer or stronger expressions?
 REVISING TIPS - Ask yourself these questions

6. Is there a catchy introduction?

1. Can you read it out loud without Does the conclusion leave the
stumbling? reader thinking?

7. Do supporting details support

2. Is the series of events only the topic sentence of
logical? Do they relate? that paragraph?

3. Is it clear what your goal is; 8. Are transitional devices used

throughout the document? throughout?

4. Did you use a variety of verbs 9. Is proper format followed

throughout? throughout?

5. Is it wordy and redundant? Are

you using the same words and 10. Is a vivid mental picture
phrases over and over again? created in the reader's mind?
 How To Edit Your Own Writing
 Editing is a multiple-pass project that takes
considerable patience.

 Synonyms
 Buy the best thesaurus you can find. Read
your creation and look up synonyms wherever
you feel a better word might more accurately
describe your ideas.

 Be careful though: keep in mind that your audience

has a certain level of sophistication and might be
turned away from words that are overly complex.
 Break up overly long sentences.

 Shorten long words and phrases.

 Short words are generally more vivid and easier to
read than long ones are.

 Dictionary Check
 Go through your document and look up in a
dictionary any words where you aren't 101 percent
sure of their meaning.

 Read Aloud
 You don't have to do this in front of other people.
Surprisingly enough, even reclining on your sofa all
alone you can immediately catch awkward phrasings
and words that you are using too frequently.
 Be Positive
 Occasionally the word "not" is useful for emphasis. Most
of the time though a sentence is stronger when positive

 Kill Commas
 A comma followed by the word "but" is okay. Commas
separating a list of things are okay. Other commas,
however, need careful scrutiny -- should it be a
semicolon, a colon, or parentheses?

Spell and Grammar Check

 Finally give the document the good old spell and grammar
check with Microsoft Word. This will catch any remaining
flaws, however use your own discretion to violate some
grammar suggestions if you are achieving special effects.
Trust your ear.
 The Final Copy
Step Five

The last step is turning in your

document.