Keseimbangan Asam Basa: Prof. Dr. Achsanuddin Hanafie, Span, Kic, Kao
Keseimbangan Asam Basa: Prof. Dr. Achsanuddin Hanafie, Span, Kic, Kao
Keseimbangan Asam Basa: Prof. Dr. Achsanuddin Hanafie, Span, Kic, Kao
ASAM BASA
• Acid-base status
• Compensation assessment
SEQUENCE of ABG EVALUATION
• pH
• PaCO2
• [HCO3]
• PaO2
pH Symptoms
7,80 Death
Convulsions
Arrythmias
Irritabilty
7,40 Normal
Drowsiness
Lethargy
Coma
6,80 Death
pH Classification
Classification pH
Normal 7,35 – 7,45
Acidosis < 7,35
Alkalosis > 7,45
Classification of Respiratory
Acid-Base Component
PaCO2
Classification
(mmHg)
Normal respiratory
35-45
component
Respiratory acidosis >45
Respiratory alkalosis <35
Classification of Metabolic
Acid-Base Component
Respiratory Metabolic
PaCO2 <35 (bicarb >26)
pH
Respiratory Metabolic
PaCO2 >45 (bicarb <22)
Primary Primary
Primary
respiratory metabolic
problem
alkalosis alkalosis
determination
pH<7,40 in complete
compensation
PaCO2 > 45 HCO3 < 22
Primary Primary
respiratory metabolic
acidosis acidosis
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Hypoxemia
Overzealous mechanical ventilation
Restrictive lung disorders
Fibrosis
Ascites
Scoliosis and thoracic cage deformities
Third trimester of pregnancy
Pneumonia
ARDS
CHF
Emboly in pulmonary circulation
Neurologic origin
Fever
Anxiety
Cerebrospinal fluid acidosis
Trauma
Severe pain
Shock/decreased cardiac output
Potential sources of respiratory alkalosis
CNS
Stomach Mechanical
Oral Ventilation
Bases
Drugs
Metabolic NaHCO3
alkalosis
Fluid Loss
Hypokalemia
Adrenal
Cortex
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Ingestion of large amounts of alkali or licorice
Gastric fluid loss
Vomiting
Nasogastric drainage
Hyperaldosteronism secondary to nonadrenal factors
Bartter’s syndrome
Inadequate renal perfusion
Diuretics
Bicarbonate administration
Sodium bicarbonate overcorrection
Blood transfusions
Adrenocortical hypersecretion
Steroids
Eucapnic ventilation posthypercapnia
Blood Gastric cell Stomach
CO2 +H2O
Carbonic
anhydrase
H2CO3
HCO3 - HCO3- + H+ H+
Cl - Cl -
Production of HCl in gastric cells. Hydrogen ions generated in the gastric cells via
the hydrolysis reaction are secreted into the stomach with chloride. The
bicarbonate produced via the hydrolysis reaction enters the blood in exchange for
the chloride
Respiratory alkalosis
pH > 7.45
PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
Kehamilan
Salycilate
Penanganan
• Koreksi underlying proses
• Jika pH> 7,60 dapat diberikan Ammonium
Clorida
Metabolic alkalosis
pH > 7.45
HCO3 > 26 mEq/L
-
HCO3
THANK YOU
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
Pengaturan Keseimbangan
Asam-Basa Darah
pH Darah : 7.35-7.45 untuk menjaga homeostasis
Alkalosis – pH > 7.45
Acidosis – pH < 7.35
pH ditentukan oleh ion hidrogen (H+).
Ion H+ meningkat, pH menurun (asidis)
Ion H+ menurun, pH meningkat (alkalis)
Nilai normal dalam AGDA
• pH 7,35-7,45
• PaCO2 35 - 45
• HCO3 22 - 26
• BE -2 - +2
Pengaturan Keseimbangan
Asam-Basa Darah
<7.35 >7.45
Cek PCO2
MENURUN (PCO2<35)
MENINGKAT (PCO2 >45)
RESPIRATORI
METABOLIK ALKALOSIS
(HCO3 MENINGKAT)
CONTOH
•VOMITING
•KEHILANGAN CAIRAN
LAMBUNG
Acid Base