Unit 2 Computer Hardware and Software

Unit 2 Computer Hardware and Software
1. Introduction to Computer
Systems
2. Component of System Unit
3. External Storage
4. Introduction to Application
Software
WUC 117 Introduction to Computing and Internet

1.1 Introduction to Computer Systems
Expansion Card
Motherboard
Expansion Slot
CPU & Socket
System Hardware
Input is any data entered into the computer's memory
Input devices are types of hardware that enable us to get

programs, data, command & responses into the computer’s memory
Categories Input Devices
Key-in Input Device Keyboard
Pointing Input Devices Mouse, Trackball, Touchpad, Pointing
Stick, Joystick, Graphic Tablet, Touch
Screens, Pen-based Computing
Optical Input Devices MICR, OCR, OMR, Bar Code Readers,
Scanner
Audio Input Devices Microphone, Video Input, Digital
Camera
Input Devices
The keyboard allows the computer user to enter words, numbers,

punctuation, symbols, and special function commands into the
computer’s memory
Input Devices - Keyboard
 Enhanced or Extended keyboard – Typically 101 keys laid out in the QWERTY
fashion; connected to the computer by a serial cable.
 Cordless keyboard – Uses infrared or radio wave signals.
 Ergonomic keyboard – Designed to help prevent Cumulative Trauma Disorder
(CTD) or damage to nerve tissues in the wrist and hand due to repeated
motion.
Enhanced / Extended Keyboard Ergonomic Keyboard
Input Devices – Types of Keyboards

 The mouse is the most Mouse buttons enable the user to initiate actions.
widely used pointing device
Clicking (left-, right-, or double-clicking)
 A mouse is palm sized allows the user to select an item on the
 As the mouse is moved, its screen or open a program or dialog box
movements are mirrored by Click and drag– Holding down the left mouse
the on-screen pointer
button and moving the mouse enables the
user to move objects on the screen
Input Devices – The Mouse

 Wheel mouse – Contains a rotating wheel used to scroll vertically within a
text document; connects to PS/2 port or USB port
 Cordless mouse – Uses infrared signals to connect to the computer’s IrDA
port; it must be within sight of the receiving port
Cordless Mouse
Wheel Mouse
Input Devices – Types of Mouse

Trackball
Joystick Touch Screen
Pointing Stick Touch Pad

Pen
Input Devices – Other Types of Pointing Devices

Digital Camera
Flatbed Scanner Microphone – speech

recognition
Bar Code Reader Video Conferencing Web cam
Input Devices – Alternative Input Devices

Optical Mark Reader
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
Handheld Scanner Sheetfed Scanner
Input Devices – Alternative Input Devices

Output devices are peripheral devices that enable us to view or hear the
computer’s processed data
Visual output – Text, graphics, and video
Audio output – Sounds, music, and synthesized speech
Output Devices
Cathode Ray Tube - CRT Liquid Crystal Display - LCD
A monitor is a peripheral device which displays computer output on a screen.

Screen output is referred to as soft copy
Types of monitors:
Cathode-ray tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD or flat-panel)
Output Devices - Monitors

CRT
Resemble televisions
Use picture tube technology
Less expensive than a LCD monitor
Take up more desk space and use more energy than LCD monitors
LCD
Cells sandwiched between two transparent layers form images
Used for notebook computers, PDAs, cellular phones, and PCs
More expensive than a CRT monitor
Take up less desk space and use less energy than CRT monitors
Types of LCD monitors:
• Passive-matrix LCD
• Active-matrix LCD
• Gas plasma display
• Field emission display
Output Devices - Monitors

Monochrome monitors: display only one colour such as green, amber or white,
against a contrasting background, which is usually black. Where the users only see
text displayed on the screen without the colour graphics.
Grayscale monitors: display varying intensities of gray from a very light gray to black,
against a white or off-white background and are essentially a type of monochrome
monitor.
Colour monitors: it can display between16 colours and 16 million colours. And many
colour monitors can be set to work in monochrome or grayscale mode.
Output Devices – Categories of Monitors

A printer is a peripheral device that produces a physical
copy or hard
copy of the computer’s output.
Two basic types:
• Impact printer
• Non-impact printer
A multifunction printer combines the

functions of a non-impact printer, scanner,
fax machine, and copier in one unit
Output Devices - Printers

Impact Printer Non-Impact Printer
• has a print head that • most commonly used printer today
contacts the paper to produce a
• works quietly compared to an impact printer
character
• uses ink ribbon • Inkjet printer, also called a bubble-jet,
makes characters by inserting dots of
• Noisy ink onto paper
• produces Near-letter quality • Letter-quality printouts
printouts • Cost of printer is inexpensive but ink is
costly
• not commonly used today
• Laser printer works like a copier
• Dot-matrix - Pins are used • Quality determined by dots per inch
to make characters (dpi) produced
• Color printers available
• Expensive initial costs but cheaper to
operate per page

Ink-jet printer Photo printer

Dot-matrix printer
Portable printer
Bar code printer Plotter

Machine voices are the product of voice synthesisers, which convert

data in main storage to vocalised sounds understandable to
humans.
There are two basic approaches to get your computer to talk:
• Synthesis by analysis, in which the device analyses the input

of an actual human voice speaking words, records the
spoken sounds, and replays them as needed.
• Synthesis by rule, where the device applies a complex set of

linguistic rules to create artificial speech
Output Devices – Voice Output

1.2 Component of System Unit
 The motherboard provides the centralized connection
point for the computer’s components
 Most components are integrated circuits (chips)
 Chips carry electrical current and contain electronic
switches or transistors
Motherboard
5
2 3 4
6
3
7
8
11
10 9
1. Expansion card 6. Storage bays

2. Central Processing Unit 7. CD/DVD Drive
3. Power Supply 8. Floppy Drive
4. Fan 9. Zip Drive
5. Hard Drive 10. Memory (RAM)
11. Motherboard
Motherboard
CPU is a complex set of electronic circuitry that executes program
instructions; where it consists of a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit.
It is also known as processor or microprocessor
Central Processing Unit CPU Socket
Central Processing Unit

Stores data and programs
Control unit: Coordinates and controls (Secondary storage)
all parts of the computer system
Sends data to the CPU Makes processed

(Input) Central Processing Unit information available
(Output)
Arithmetic-Logic unit: Performs Control ALU
Unit
arithmetic or logical operations
Memory
Processing
Registers: Store the most frequently

used instructions and data
Components of the CPU

The 4-step process  machine cycle or processing cycle. The processing
cycle consists of two phases:
Instruction Cycle: I-time (Instruction Time)
Execution Cycle: E-time (Execution Time)
Principles of Processor Operation

Control unit ALU
Memory
Principles of Processor Operation

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Unit 2 Computer Hardware and Software

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Unit 2 Computer Hardware and Software

WUC 117 Introduction to Computing and Internet

Input devices are types of hardware that enable us to get

The keyboard allows the computer user to enter words, numbers,

Input Devices – Types of Keyboards

Input Devices – The Mouse

Input Devices – Types of Mouse

Pointing Stick Touch Pad

Input Devices – Other Types of Pointing Devices

Flatbed Scanner Microphone – speech

Bar Code Reader Video Conferencing Web cam

Input Devices – Alternative Input Devices

Optical Mark Reader

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

Handheld Scanner Sheetfed Scanner

Input Devices – Alternative Input Devices

Cathode Ray Tube - CRT Liquid Crystal Display - LCD

A monitor is a peripheral device which displays computer output on a screen.

Output Devices - Monitors

Output Devices - Monitors

Output Devices – Categories of Monitors

A multifunction printer combines the

Output Devices - Printers

Output Devices - Printers

Ink-jet printer Photo printer

Output Devices - Printers

Machine voices are the product of voice synthesisers, which convert

• Synthesis by analysis, in which the device analyses the input

• Synthesis by rule, where the device applies a complex set of

Output Devices – Voice Output

1. Expansion card 6. Storage bays

Central Processing Unit CPU Socket

Central Processing Unit

all parts of the computer system

Sends data to the CPU Makes processed

Registers: Store the most frequently

Components of the CPU

Instruction Cycle: I-time (Instruction Time)

Execution Cycle: E-time (Execution Time)

Principles of Processor Operation

Principles of Processor Operation

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