Computer Literacy

Associate Degree in Education (ADE)

Lecture 01
My introduction
• Sajid Riaz
• MSSE- IIU Islamabad
• MCS- SUIT Peshawar
• PGDIT- UCAT Rawalpindi
• English diploma- NUML Islamabad
• Lecturer, Computer Science
• Global College of Sciences, Rawalpindi
• University of Wah, Wah Cantt.
• Bahria College Islamabad
• IQRA University Peshawar

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Teaching job requirements
• Job requirements of a teacher are:
• Create your CV and write job application
• Send CV through email or apply online
• Prepare lesson plans, result sheets, papers
• Gather material for your lecture using internet
• Printing the required information
• Keep your knowledge up to date reading online
material.
• Preparing your own notes for your class

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Course introduction
• Programme: Associate Degree Education (ADE)
• Course Title: Computer Literacy
• Course Code: ADE100
• Credit Value: 3 Hours
• Prerequisites: F.A./F.Sc.

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Recommended books
• Textbooks:
• Ann Ambrose, 2005. Computer Literacy Basics, Cengage
Learning, CEP, Inc, Marly Bergerud BASICS Series
• Helene G. Kershner, 2011. Computer Literacy D.C. Heath, 1992,
original from Pennsylvania State University
• Reference books:
• Introduction to computers, 7th edition by Peter Norton
• PM Series- Introduction to Information Technology, by Riaz
Shahid, CM Aslam & Safia Iftikhar, Majeed Sons publication.
• IT Series- Computer applications in business by Tasleem
Mustafa, Tariq Mahmood, Imran Saeed & Wasi Ahmed.
• Internet resources, computer magazines, newspapers
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Course outline
• Introduction to computers
• History, classification, hardware components
• Operating System
• Computer software, using Microsoft Windows
• Internet Basics
• Introduction to internet, browsing, web addresses & links
• Computer Networks
• Types of networks, security issues like virus protection
• Troubleshooting
• Software installation, file compression

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Course outline 2
• Word processing
• Tool used: Microsoft word
• Spreadsheet
• Tool used: Microsoft Excel
• Multimedia
• Tool used: Microsoft Power Point
• Searching & Saving web resources
• Images, videos, audios
• Communication through internet
• Sending and checking email 7
Course outline 3
• Online collaboration applications
• Working with an online collaboration application e.g. Google docs
• Using digital devices with a computer
• Using Digital cameras and other devices
• Transferring file to/from computer to/from digital devices e.g. camera &
mobiles
• Working in the information society
• Using computers at workplace, in community, education, entertainment,
research
• Computer ethics
• Computer crime, copyright law, fair-use guidelines and plagiarism
• Computer-Assisted Instructions (CAI)
• Online education e.g. virtual university of Pakistan, computer as a teacher
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Lecture 01
Topics:
Introduction to computers
History & classification of computers
Input devices

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Topics covered
• What is computer?
• History and classification of computers
• Examples of computer
• Brief history of computers with timeline
• Introduction to computers- learning about input
devices
• Input devices

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Knowledge test
• What type of computers you have seen?
• Which types of computers you used ever?
• What is your concept about computer?

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What is computer?
• Computer
• An electronic device used to solve various
problems according to a set of instructions given
to it.
• Origin from the word compute means to
calculate
• Converts data into information which is useful
for us
• Used to perform mathematical work
• Calculation is not the only use of computer

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Components of computer
• Components of computer
• Computer is controlled by programmed
instructions called software.
• Tells the computer what to do.
• For example, Microsoft windows, microsoft
office, etc.
• Physical components of computer are called
hardware.
• Hardware is lifeless without programs.
• For example, mouse keyboard, scanner, etc.
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History of computers
• Abacus- 1300
• First computing device
• Developed in 600 B.C.
• Perform simple addition and
subtraction
• Consists of wooden beads
which are moveable
• Calculation is done by
moving these beads properly

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Napier’s Bone
• John Napier’s Bone-
1614
• Another manual
calculating device
• Cardboard
multiplication calculator

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Pascal
• Blaise Pascal- 1643
• First mathematical adding
machine
• Only add & subtract
numbers
• Division and multiplication
was done by repeated
addition and subtraction.

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Von Leibniz
• Von Leibniz- 1694
• A German scientist
• Developed a calculating
machine in 1694
• First calculator that can
multiply and divide also.

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Punched board
• Punched board- 1801
• A French engineer, Joseph
• Developed punch board
system for power looms;
• A device that combined thread
to make cloth using steam
power.
• Used to create specific
weaving pattern on cloth
• Later on it was used in
computers
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Charles Babbage
• Charles Babbage- (1822-1842)
• A mathematician
• Invented “Difference Engine”
in 1822 for arithmetic
calculations
• Developed an automatic
“Analytical Engine” in 1842
• Perform 60 additions per
minute.

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George Boole
• George Boole- 1854
• Simplified binary system of
algebra
• His law states that: “Any
mathematical equation can be
stated simply as either true or
false.”

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Herman Hollerith
• Herman Hollerith- 1896
• He applied the idea of punchboards in computers
• He used punch cards for input and output in
computers.

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Atanasoff
• Atanasoff- 1939
• Professor at Lowa university
• Invented an electronic
computer called Atanasoff-
Bery computer
• Applied Boolean algebra to
computer circuitry

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Popular old models of computers
• Mark I (1937-44)
• Also known as Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator.
• Designed by Howard A. Aiken of Harvard
university
• First fully automatic calculating machine.
• ENIAC (1943-46)
• Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator
• Invented by J. P. Eckert and John Mauchly in
1946
• First electronic computer
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Popular old computer models 2
• UNIVAC (1951)
• Universal Automatic Computer
• First digital computer
• Used in business and industries
• EDVAC (1946-52)
• Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Calculator
• Developed by Von Neumann
• Could store data and instructions

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Popular old models 3
• Commercial
computers- 1952
• First commercial
computer was IBM-
701

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Examples of computers
• Personal computers
• For individual or single user
• Mainframe computer systems
• For organizations

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Computers for individual use
• Personal computer
• Any computer system used by a single person
• Also called microcomputers due to their small size
• Six types of personal computers- PCs:
• Desktop computers
• Workstations
• Notebook computers
• Tablet computers
• Handheld computers
• Smart phones
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Computers for individual use
• Desktop computers
• The most common type of computer
• Sits on the desk or floor
• Performs a variety of tasks
• The main component is “system unit”
• Two variations: Desktop model and tower model
• Workstations
• Specialized computers for engineers & designers
• Optimized for science or graphics
• More powerful than a desktop computer

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Computers for individual use
• Notebook computers
• Small portable computers
• Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
• About 8 ½ by 11 inches
• Typically as powerful as a desktop
• Laptops because people frequently set them on lap
• Can include a docking station
• A docking station can make a notebook computers feel like
a desktop system with a full size monitor, keyboard and
other features.

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Computers for individual use
• Tablet computers (Tabs)
• Newest development in
portable computers
• Offer all the functionality of a
notebook
• Input is through a pen called
stylus or digital pen
• Run specialized versions of
office products

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Computers for individual use
• Handheld computers
• Very small computers to fit in your hand
• Popular type is Personal Digital Assistants
(PDA)
• No larger than a small appointment book
i.e. note taking or contact (phone/address)
management
• Smart phones
• Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
• More powerful than cellular phones
• Web surfing, e-mail access

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Computers For Organizations
• Mainframes
• Used in large organizations
• Handle thousands
of users
• Users access through a terminal-
dumb or intelligent
• Dumb terminal does not store or
process data.
• Intelligent terminal does little
processing but does not store
data.
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Input devices
• Input devices
• Used to feed or enter data into the computer
• Most common devices
• Mouse, keyboard, scanner, joystick, webcam, digital
camera, barcode reader, digital voice recorder

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The Mouse
• Allows users to select objects
• Pointer moved by the mouse
• Mechanical mouse
• Rubber ball determines direction and speed
• The ball often requires cleaning
• Optical mouse
• Light shown onto mouse pad
• Reflection determines speed and direction
• Requires little maintenance
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The Keyboard
• The most common input device
• First peripheral used with computers
• Still primary input device to enter text and numbers
• A standard keyboard has 100 keys
• Must be proficient with keyboard
• Skill is called typing or keyboarding
• The ability to enter text and number with skill and
accuracy
• Standard keyboard layouts
• IBM Enhancement Keyboard with 100 keys in five
groups
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Scanner
• Image scanners
• Converts printed media into electronic
• Reflects light of the image
• Sensors read the intensity
• Filters determine color depths
• Primary additive colors are red, green, blue (RGB)
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Converts scanned text into editable text
• Each letter is scanned
• Letters are compared to known letters
• Best match is entered into document
• Rarely 100% accurate 36
Joystick
• May be used with applications other than
games.
• Enable the user to fly or drive through a game,
directing a vehicle or a character.
• Popular in racing and flying games.

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Webcam
• Webcam
• A video camera connected to a computer
• Allows its images to be seen by internet users
• Uses USB cable for connection
• Captures still pictures and make videos
• Internet is required to share your video
• Allows computers to act as videophones or video
conference stations
• Very cheap source of videotelephony

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Digital camera
• Digital cameras
• Capture images electronically
• No film is needed
• Image is stored as a JPG file
• Memory cards store the images
• Used in a variety of professions

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Bar-code reader
• ‘Bar codes’ are patterns of printed bars which
identify the product.
• Converts bar codes into numbers
• UPC- Universal Product code
• Computer find number in a database
• Works by reflecting light
• Amount of reflected light indicates number

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Digital voice recorder
• Digital voice recorder
• Converts sound into a digital file that
can be moved from one electronic
device to another
• Play back by a computer, tablet or
smart phone and stored like any
other data file.
• Records voice to a memory chip
• It normally stores binary numbers
(100100) of audio signals

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Five tips for course
• Learn to play with computers and not to fear that
you will break the computer.
• There is no shame in making mistakes. Mistakes are
positive learning experiences .
• Remember: More risk, more profit.
• Don’t cram information. Learn how to use
computer.
• Try to use computers and internet. Once you get started
you will find your way.
• Work in pairs, help others or learn from others.
• Don’t fear from typing. With the passage of time
you will learn it.
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Thanks
End of Lecture 1

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Allah Hafiz

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