Scribd
Upload
48 views

ECE 472/572 - Digital Image Processing: Lecture 1 - Introduction

The document provides an introduction to the ECE 472/572 - Digital Image Processing course, covering topics such as what an image is in terms of bitmap and vector representations, a brief history of the field, common applications of image processing, and basic image processing techniques such as enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and description. An overview of the course content, goals, and materials is also presented.

Uploaded by

irfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

ECE 472/572 - Digital Image Processing: Lecture 1 - Introduction

The document provides an introduction to the ECE 472/572 - Digital Image Processing course, covering topics such as what an image is in terms of bitmap and vector representations, a brief history of the field, common applications of image processing, and basic image processing techniques such as enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and description. An overview of the course content, goals, and materials is also presented.

Uploaded by

irfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

ECE 472/572 - Digital Image

Processing
Lecture 1 - Introduction

08/18/11

1
What is an image? - The bitmap
representation
Also called “raster or pixel maps”
representation
An image is broken up into a grid

y
Gray level
x
pixel
Original picture Digital image
f(x, y) I[i, j] or I[x, y] 2
What is an image? - The vector
representation
Object-oriented representation
Does not show information of individual
pixel, but information of an object (circle,
line, square, etc.)
Circle(100, 20, 20)
Line(xa1, ya1, xa2, ya2)
Line(xb1, yb1, xb2, yb2)
Line(xc1, yc1, xc2, yc2)
Line(xd1, yd1, xd2, yd2)
3
Comparison

 Bitmap  Vector
– Can represent images with – Can only represent simple
complex variations in line drawings (CAD),
colors, shades, shapes. shapes, shadings, etc.
– Larger image size – Efficient
– Fixed resolution – Flexible
– Easier to implement – Difficult to implement

4
How did it start?

 Early 1960s
 NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
 Process video images from spacecraft (Ranger)
 IBM 360 Computer

5
Images from H. Andrews and B. Hunt, Digital Image Restoration, Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Why image processing?

 Application
– Fingerprint retrieval
– Automatic target recognition
– Industrial inspection
– Medical imaging
– and more …
 Can commercial software do all the work?

6
Original image of
Histogram Equalization Photoshop “Auto Contrast”
Mars and its moon Photoshop
APDG = 42.1 TEN = 12.1 APDG = 28.4 TEN = 22.0 result APDG = 72.9 TEN = 20.8

GLG in RGB space GLG in HSI space – better than Photoshop result
GLG-RGB
APDG = 76.3 TEN = 27.0 GLG-HSI
APDG = 78.6 TEN = 26.6
7
From Zhiyu Chen’s preliminary proposal defense, January 2009
Some clarification

Image & Graphics


Image processing & Computer vision
Image processing & Image understanding
Image processing & Pattern recognition
– Image Processing: ECE472, ECE572
– Pattern Recognition: ECE471, ECE571
– Computer Vision: ECE573
– Computer Graphics: CS494, CS594
8
Goals of image processing

Image improvement
– Improving the visual appearance of images to
a human viewer
Image analysis
– Preparing images for measurement of the
features and structures present

9
What to learn?
Preprocessing – low level High-level IP
Image Improvement Image Analysis

Image Image Image


Enhancement Restoration Segmentation

Image Image Image


Acquisition Compression Coding Representation
& Description

Morphological Wavelet Recognition &


Image Processing Analysis Interpretation

10
Knowledge Base
Image acquisition

 Video camera
 Infrared camera
 Range camera
 Line-scan camera
 Hyperspectral camera
 Omni-directional camera
 and more …

11
Some simple operations

12
Image enhancement

13
Movie film restoration

14
Image restoration

15
Image correction

Geometric correction
Radiometric correction

16
Image warping – geometric
transformation
Image warping – another
example

18
From Joey Howell and Cory McKay, ECE472, Fall 2000
Image segmentation

19
Image description

OCR – optical character


recognition, license plate
recognition

20
Beyond

Content-based image retrieval


Human identification
Multi-sensor data fusion
Hexagonal pixel
Steganography

21
Image processing for fine arts

22
Real-world reasoning demo

23
How to address pixels of an
image?
int i, j, k;
int nr, // number of rows
nc, // number of columns
nchan;// number of channels

nr = 128; nc = 128; nchan = 3;


for (i=0; i<nr; i++) {
for (j=0; j<nc; j++) {
for (k=0; k<nchan; j++) {
do the processing on (i,j,k);
………
}
}
24
}
Types of neighborhoods

Neighbors of a pixel
j (column)
(i-1, j-1) (i-1, j) (i-1, j+1)
(i, j-1) (i, j) (i, j+1)
i
(i+1, j-1) (i+1, j) (i+1, j+1)
(row)

4-neighborhood 8-neighborhood 25
Closedness ambiguity

26
The Image library

 /include: the header file


– Image.h
– Dip.h
 /lib: image processing routines
– Image.cpp
– colorProcessing.cpp
– imageIO.cpp
– matrixProcessing.cpp
– cs.cpp
– Makefile
 /test: the test code 27
// Test code to show how to read and write an image
#include "Image.h" // need to include the image library header
#include "Dip.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

#define Usage "./readwrite input-img output-img \n"

int main(int argc, char **argv)


{
Image img1, img2;
int nr, nc, ntype, nchan, i, j, k;

if (argc < 3) {
cout << Usage;
exit(3);
}

img1 = readImage(argv[1]); // readImage is a member func in the Image lib


nr = img1.getRow(); // obtain the nr of rows and col
nc = img1.getCol();
ntype = img1.getType(); // obtain the type of the image
nchan = img1.getChannel(); // obtain the nr of channels of the image

img2.createImage(nr, nc, ntype); // write it to the output image

for (i=0; i<nr; i++) {


for (j=0; j<nc; j++) {
for (k=0; k<nchan; k++)
img2(i, j, k) = img1(i, j, k);
}
}

writeImage(img2, argv[2]);
28
return 0;
The course website

http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~qi/ece472-572
Course information
Official language: C++
Pre-homework assignment
– Subscribe to mailing list,
[email protected]
Grading policy: 72 late hour rule

29
What to do?

Subscribe to the mailing list


– [email protected]
Apply for an account in FH417
Get started on project 1
– Start early and finish early

30

You might also like