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Biostatistic For Dummies

This document provides an overview of biostatistics. It discusses how biostatistics uses techniques from mathematics, statistics and computing to analyze biological and medical data. Some common applications of biostatistics include clinical medicine, epidemiological studies, biological research and genetics. Biostatisticians work on tasks like study design, data analysis, developing new methods and determining policy. Time series and spatial statistics are important statistical methods for analyzing biomedical data over time and space.

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Ariff Razak
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2K views23 pages

Biostatistic For Dummies

This document provides an overview of biostatistics. It discusses how biostatistics uses techniques from mathematics, statistics and computing to analyze biological and medical data. Some common applications of biostatistics include clinical medicine, epidemiological studies, biological research and genetics. Biostatisticians work on tasks like study design, data analysis, developing new methods and determining policy. Time series and spatial statistics are important statistical methods for analyzing biomedical data over time and space.

Uploaded by

Ariff Razak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biostatistics for Dummies

Biomedical Computing Cross-Training


Seminar
October 18th, 2002
What is “Biostatistics”?
Techniques
 Mathematics
 Statistics
 Computing

Data
 Medicine
 Biology
What is “Biostatistics”?

Knowledge of
biological process

Biological data
Common Applications
(Medical and otherwise)

Clinical medicine Environmental


Epidemiologic health
studies Health services
Biological laboratory Ecology
research Fisheries
Biological field Wildlife biology
research Agriculture
Genetics Forestry
Biostatisticians Work
Develop study design
Conduct analysis
Oversee and regulate
Determine policy
Training researchers
Development of new methods
Some Statistics on
Biostatistics
Internet search (Google)
> 210,000 hits
> 50 Graduate Programs in U.S.

Too much to cover in


one hour!
Center Focus
MSU strengths Computational
 Computational simulation in
simulation in environmental
physical sciences health sciences
 Environmental health  Build on appreciable
sciences MSU strength
Bioinformatics is  Establish ourselves
crowded  Unique capability
 Particular appeal to
NIEHS
Focus of Seminar
Statistical methodologies
 Computational simulation in environmental
health sciences
 Can be classified as “biostatistics”

Stochastic modeling
 Time series
 Spatial statistics*
The Application
Of interest Objectives
 Cancer incidence rate  Suitably adjust
 Pesticide exposure cancer incidence
rate
Of concern
 Determine if
 Age relationship exists
 Gender  Develop model
 Race  Explain relationship
 Socioeconomic status  Estimate cancer rate
 Predict cancer rate
The Data
MS State Dept. Health
Central Cancer Registry
(1996 – 1998, by person)
 Tumor type
N.S.S. & U.S. Dept. of  Age
Commerce National  Gender
 Race
T.I.S. (1972-2001, by
 County of residence
county)  Cancer morbidity
 Number of acres  Crude
incidence/100,000
harvested
 Age adjusted
 Type of crop incidence/100,000
Why (Bio)statistics?
Statistics Entropy
 Science of uncertainty
 Model order from
disorder
Chaos
Disorder exists
 Large scale rational
explanation
 Smaller scale residual x0
uncertainty Deterministic
equation Randomness
(Bio)statistical Data
Independent identically distributed
Inhomogeneous data
Dependent data
 Time series
 Spatial statistics
Time Series
Identically distributed
Time dependent
Equally spaced Randomness
Objectives in Time Series
Graphical description
 Time plots
 Correlation plots

 Spectral plots

Modeling
Inference
Prediction
Time Series Models
Linear Models Covariance
stationary
 Constant mean
 Constant variance
 Covariance function
(t) ~ i.i.d of distance in time
 Zero mean
 Finite variance

 square summable
Nonlinear Time Series
Amplitude-frequency Biomedical
dependence applications
Jump phenomenon  Respiration
Harmonics  Lupus-erythematosis
 Urinary introgen
Synchronization excretion
Limit cycles  Neural science
 Human pupillary
system
Some Nonlinear Models
Nonlinear AR Amplitude-
 Additive noise dependent
Threshold exponential AR
 AR Bilinear
 Smoothed TAR AR with conditional
 Markov chain driven heteroscedasticity
 Fractals Functional
coefficient AR
A Threshold Model
A Threshold Model
Describing Correlation
Autocorrelation
 AR: exponential decay
 MA: 0 past q

Partial autocorrelation
 AR: 0 past p
 MA: exponential decay

Cross-correlation
Relationship to spectral density
Spatial Statistics*
Data components Data structures
 Spatial locations  Geostatistical
S = {s1,s2,…,sn}  Lattice
 Observable variable  Point patterns or
{Z(s1),Z(s2),…,Z(sn)} marked spatial point
 s D  Rk processes
 Objects
Correlation
Assumptions on Z
and D
Biological Applications
Geostatistics
 Soil science
 Public health
Lattice
 Remote sensing
 Medical imaging
Point patterns
 Tumor growth rate
 In vitro cell growth
Spatial Temporal Models
Combine time series with spatial data
Application
 Time element
time
 Pesticide exposure develop cancer

 Spatial element
 Proximity to pesticide use

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