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Pipe Line Engg (Unit III)

This document discusses unit III of the course PET-353 Pipeline Engineering. It covers topics related to offshore pipelines including sag and over bends, stingers, risers, and the construction of offshore pipelines. The construction of offshore pipelines is complex due to factors like seawater corrosion, ocean currents and waves, marine life attacks, and high pressures at depth. Pipelines are typically laid from a floating lay barge using a stinger and tensioner to guide the pipe to the seabed, where it is connected to risers leading to an offshore platform using welder divers in a pressurized chamber.

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Abderrahim HAMDAOUI
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149 views11 pages

Pipe Line Engg (Unit III)

This document discusses unit III of the course PET-353 Pipeline Engineering. It covers topics related to offshore pipelines including sag and over bends, stingers, risers, and the construction of offshore pipelines. The construction of offshore pipelines is complex due to factors like seawater corrosion, ocean currents and waves, marine life attacks, and high pressures at depth. Pipelines are typically laid from a floating lay barge using a stinger and tensioner to guide the pipe to the seabed, where it is connected to risers leading to an offshore platform using welder divers in a pressurized chamber.

Uploaded by

Abderrahim HAMDAOUI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIPELINE ENGINEERING

(PET-353)

Dr. SAURABH MISHRA


Assistant Professor

Department of Petroleum Engineering


Chandigarh University

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 1


Unit III

Offshore Pipeline

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 2


Design and Control of Sag and Over bend

Sag Bend
Sag bend is a sag in the pipeline in the vertical plane e.g. at the bottom of a ditch

Over Bend
Over bend is a bend at a high point "over" the top of something, e.g. a hill in the vertical plane

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 3


6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 4
• One of the major problems encountered in laying underwater pipelines concerns the means of
supporting the pipe span from where it leaves the lay barge to a point off bottom.

• Stinger- a support structure

• A stiff structure consisting of two buoyant pontoons connected by crossovers and rollers for
supporting the pipes as it passes to the bottom.

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 5


Riser

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 6


• A riser is a pipe that connects an offshore Floating Production Structure or a Drilling Rig to a sub-
sea system either for production purposes such as drilling, production, injection and export, or for
drilling, completion and workover purposes.

• Risers are considered to be the most critical product in an offshore pipeline development taking
into account the dynamic loads and sour service conditions they need to withstand.

• There are a number of types of risers, including attached risers, pull tube risers, steel catenary
risers, top-tensioned risers, riser towers and flexible riser configurations, as well as drilling risers.

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 7


Construction of Off-shore Pipeline

Offshore pipelines whose construction is both sophisticated and expensive.


Factors affecting the construction
Corrosiveness of seawater
The dynamics action of ocean waves and undersea currents
Attacks by marine life
High external pressure caused by the depth of ocean water
Possible natural disaster like earthquake, undersea volcanic eruption, and the effects of hurricanes
The lay barge of the offshore project is essentially a floating city with all the personnel,
equipment, and living quarters aboard. It is also supported by several other vessels such as three
or four supply ships, a tugboat, and a survey ship.
With such an operation, construction of pipe proceeds rapidly—laying more than a mile of pipe
per day. Speed is essential in this case due to the strong need to avoid inclement weather.

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 8


The stinger guides and supports the pipeline being lowered into the ocean, preventing the
development of a large bending force caused by gravity that can damage the pipeline.

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 9


The tensioner on board of the barge creates a resistance to the descending pipeline, preventing
the pipeline from rapid descent into the ocean. As soon as the pipeline approaches the ocean
floor, the barge moves forward to allow the pipeline to develop an S-shape curve as shown in
Figure

Once the S-curve is developed, the barge can continue to move forward in order to lay the
remaining pipe onto the ocean floor until the offshore platform is reached.

At this point, the end of the pipeline has been reached, and it is lowered into the ocean and then
connected to the bottom of the riser, which is the vertical pipe that connects the off-shore
pipeline laying on the ocean floor to the oil pumps aboard the offshore platform.

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 10


Connection of the pipeline to the riser on the ocean floor is accomplished by using specially
trained welder divers, who can weld undersea inside a dry enclosure.
The dry enclosure is a pressurized chamber lowered to the ocean floor along one side of the
platform. Once reaching the ocean floor, the chamber is locked onto both the pipe and the riser.
Compressed air expels the water from the chamber, and the divers are able to weld the horizontal
pipe to the riser. After welding is completed, the weld is inspected, both visually and by x-ray,
and the connection is coated.
Then, the chamber with the divers rise to the platform, and the pipeline construction is essentially
complete. A submersible can then be sent to the ocean bottom to inspect and take pictures of the
constructed pipeline laying on the ocean floor.

6-Feb-18 DODS (PEY-260) 11

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