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Lecture 3 - Data Communications

This document discusses data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the movement of computer information from one point to another via electrical or optical transmission systems. Computer networks facilitate this data movement by linking two or more computer systems together. Common network applications include the internet, world wide web, email, file transfer protocol, and electronic commerce. Networks can be local-area networks connecting nearby computers, wide-area networks connecting computers farther apart via telephone lines or radio waves, or other specific types of networks. Wide-area networks in particular often consist of multiple local-area networks connected through public networks. Network topologies describe the arrangement of nodes and connecting lines in a network and include bus, star, ring, and other configurations.

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Jemimah Macato
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87 views17 pages

Lecture 3 - Data Communications

This document discusses data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the movement of computer information from one point to another via electrical or optical transmission systems. Computer networks facilitate this data movement by linking two or more computer systems together. Common network applications include the internet, world wide web, email, file transfer protocol, and electronic commerce. Networks can be local-area networks connecting nearby computers, wide-area networks connecting computers farther apart via telephone lines or radio waves, or other specific types of networks. Wide-area networks in particular often consist of multiple local-area networks connected through public networks. Network topologies describe the arrangement of nodes and connecting lines in a network and include bus, star, ring, and other configurations.

Uploaded by

Jemimah Macato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Communications

Data Communication and Networking

1
DATA COMMUNICATION

• movement of computer information


(data) from one point to another by
means of electrical or optical transmission
systems.
• data are represented as electrical signals
interpreted by the computer in binary
form (0 or 1).
• computer networks facilitate data
movement

2
NETWORKS

A group of two or more computer


system linked together

3
APPLICATIONS OF NETWORK

• The Internet
• World Wide Web, Electronic Mail (email),
File Transfer Protocol, Telnet
• Groupware – discussion groups, doc-
based groupware, group support system,
video conferencing
• Electronic Commerce (eCommerce)
- e-Marketing, e-Store, Info provider,
customer service

4
Types of NETWORK

• local-area networks (LANs) : The


computers are geographically close
together (that is, in the same building).
• wide-area networks (WANs) : The
computers are farther apart and are
connected by telephone lines or radio
waves.
• campus-area networks (CANs): The
computers are within a limited geographic
area, such as a campus or military base.

5
Types of NETWORK

• metropolitan-area networks (MANs):


A data network designed for a town or
city.
• home-area networks (HANs): A
network contained within a user's home
that connects a person's digital devices.

6
WIDE AREA NETWORKS

• A computer network that spans a


relatively large geographical area.
• Typically, a WAN consists of two or
more local area networks (LAN).
• often connected through public
networks, such as the telephone
system.

7
WIDE AREA NETWORKS

• can also be connected through leased


lines or satellites.
• The largest WAN in existence is the
Internet.

8
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

• A topology (from Greek topos meaning


place) is a description of any kind of
locality in terms of its layout.
• In communication networks, a topology
is a usually schematic description of the
arrangement of a network, including its
nodes and connecting lines.
• It refers to the shape of a network, or
the network's layout.

9
NODES

• In networks, a processing location.


• A node can be a computer or some other
device, such as a printer.
• Every node has a unique network address.
• In tree structures, a point where two or
more lines meet.

10
BUS TOPOLOGY

11
BUS TOPOLOGY

• every workstation is connected to a main


cable called the bus.
• a bus is a transmission path on which
signals are dropped off or picked up at
every device attached to the line.
• The size of a bus, known as its width, is
important because it determines how
much data can be transmitted at one
time. For example, a 16-bit bus can
transmit 16 bits of data, whereas a 32-bit
bus can transmit 32 bits of data.
12
STAR TOPOLOGY

13
STAR TOPOLOGY

• there is a central computer or server or


to a central device to which all the
workstations are directly connected.
• Every workstation is indirectly connected
to every other through the central
computer.

14
RING TOPOLOGY

15
RING TOPOLOGY

• the workstations are connected in a


closed loop configuration.
• Adjacent pairs of workstations are directly
connected.
• Other pairs of workstations are indirectly
connected, the data passing through one
or more intermediate nodes.
• A variation of the ring network topology is
known as the Token Ring. In this scheme,
the signal travels in only one direction or
senses around the ring, carried by a so-
called token from node to node.

16
Any questions?

End of Lecture.
Data Communications and Networking

17

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