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Seven Different Networking Components

This document discusses seven common networking components: hubs, switches, routers, bridges, gateways, firewalls, and wireless access points. It provides details on what each component is, how it works, includes diagrams, and provides additional relevant information.

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Arkadeepta Roy
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364 views32 pages

Seven Different Networking Components

This document discusses seven common networking components: hubs, switches, routers, bridges, gateways, firewalls, and wireless access points. It provides details on what each component is, how it works, includes diagrams, and provides additional relevant information.

Uploaded by

Arkadeepta Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Seven Different Networking Components

What is a network device?


 Components used to connect computers as well as
other electrical devices together in order to share
resources such as printers and fax machines.
Devices used in Networking
 The different devices or components used in
networking include:
 Hubs
 Switches
 Routers
 Network bridges
 Gateways
 Firewalls
 Wireless AP (Access Points)
What is a Hub?
 A small rectangular box that joins computers together
through ports on the back of the hub.

 Picture of a 4 – Port Ethernet Hub (below)

Ethernet hub – Wikipedia. [online image]. Available en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet hub


How does a Hub work?
 A hub receives data packets and passes on all the
Information it receives to all the other computers
connected to the hub.

 Information is also sent to the computer that sent the


information!

 Example: if computer 1 wants to communicate with


computer 3, the data will be sent to all the computers
on the network since hubs do not know the
destination of the information it receives.
Diagram of a hub network

Main PC
Hub Ethernet PC 1

PC 2
Additional Information about Hubs
 Most hubs contain 4 ports some have 5 or more ports.

 Hubs can be used for a smaller network such as a home


network or a small office network.

 Hubs are not that expensive most range for less than
$30.

 Hubs may not be the best option for sophisticated or


complex networks.
What is a Switch?
 Switches look similar to hubs in that they are
rectangular in shape. Manageable switches are usually
a little bigger than unmanageable switches. A switch
also has ports on the back.

Network switch – net gear.[online image]. Available http://www.senasum.blogspot.com, July 9, 2013


How does a Switch work?
 Switches work about the same way as hubs. Unlike
hubs, switches can identify the destination of a packet.

 Switches send information only to the computer that is


suppose to receive the information.

 Switches can also send and retrieve information at the


same time which makes sending information faster to
retrieve than hubs.
Diagram of a Switch Network

Switch Diagram. LindyConnectionPerfection.[online image]. Available http://www.lindy-international.com, July 9, 2013


Additional Information about
Switches
 Switches are a better option than hubs for larger
networks or home networks with 4 or more connected
computers.

 Switches can range in price from $30 up to $100 or


more depending on if the switch is manageable or
unmanageable, usually unmanageable switches are
less in price versus managed switches.
What is a Router?
 A specialized computer programmed to interface
between different networks.

 Netgear-wndr4000-ddwrt-450 – Most Popular VPN Service Providers & DD-WRT Routers. [online image]. www.flashrouters.com, July 12, 2013.
How does a Router work?
 A router receives data from the user.

 Looks for the remote address of the other computer


making routing decisions along the way

 Forwards the user data out to a different interface that


is closer to the remote computer
Diagram of a Router
Additional Information about
Routers
 Routers make sure data sent over the Internet goes where it
needs to go and not where it is not needed.

 Acts like a traffic controller, working to cut down


congestion throughout the network and keeps everything
flowing smoothly along the best path.

 Routers are the only type of equipment that looks at every


single packet passing by on the network.

 Home network router including wireless routers can cost


anywhere from $40 to $150 or higher.
What is a Bridge?
 A hardware device used to create a connection
between two separate computer networks or to divide
one network into two.

 Filters data traffic at a network boundary and reduces


the amount of traffic on a LAN dividing it into two
segments.

 I -4E to Ethernet (10/100M) Network Bridge. [online image]. Network Bridge. Available at www.freewtc.com. July 12, 2013.
How does a Bridge work?
 Each bridge consist of a MAC address and operates at layer
2 of the OSI model

 When a packet is received on the bridge ports the


forwarding table including the MAC address is
automatically updated to map the source MAC address to
the network port from which the packet originated

 The gateway then process the received packet according to


the packet’s type.
Diagram of a Bridge
Additional Information about
Bridges
 A bridge examines each message on a LAN and passes the
ones known to be within the same LAN.

 Computer addresses have no relationship to location in a


bridging network.

 A bridge is sometimes referred to as a brouter.

 Wireless network bridges can costs anywhere from $100 to


$1000 or more depending on the type of bridge purchased.
What is a Gateway?
 A communication device that provides a remote
network with connectivity to the host network.

 Gateway Network Communications [online image]. Available www.hiwtc.com


How a Gateway Works
 The gateway node acts like a proxy server and firewall

 The gateway uses forwarding tables to determine


where packet are to be sent
Gateway Diagram
Additional Information about
Gateways
 On the Internet a node or stopping point can be a
gateway.

 The computers controlling traffic within a network are


gateway nodes.

 A gateway is also associated with a router.


What is a Firewall?
 Hardware or software device that protects a computer
network from unauthorized access.

 Firewall Sling Secure Smartphone. [online image]. Available www.slingsecure.com


How a Firewall works
 Firewalls filters the information coming through the
Internet connection into a user private network.

 To control traffic in and out of the network firewalls


one or more of the three methods are used including:
 Packet filtering
 Proxy service
 Stateful inspection
Diagram of Firewall
Additional Information about
Firewalls
 Most home network routers have built in firewall.
 The term “firewall” originated from firefighting, where a firewall
is a barrier established to prevent the spread of a fire.

 A firewall works with the proxy server making request on behalf


of workstation users.

 There are a number of features firewalls can include from


logging and reporting to setting alarms of an attack.

 Costs for host based firewalls usually costs around $100 or less.
Some may costs more depending on different things such as
features included or if its an enterprise based system.
What is a Wireless Access Point?
 A small hardware device featuring built-in network
adapter, antenna, and radio signals.
 Configured nodes on a WLAN.

 Wireless Access Points, Page 2. [online image]. Available compnetworking.about.com


How a Wireless Access Point
works?
 Operates using radio frequency technology

 Broadcast wireless signals computers can detect and


use

 A wireless network adapter is implemented while


using a wireless access point, most computers today
already have network adapters built into the computer.
Diagram of Wireless Access Point

RxNT – The eprescribing System. [online image]. Available www.rxnt.com


Additional Information about
Access Points
 The access point usually connects to the router

 A hotspot is a application wireless users can connect to


the Internet.

 Aps are used throughout a home network, usually


through only one AP.

 Wireless access points can cost anywhere from $30 and


up depending on the type purchased.
Websites Used
 Searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition
 About.com
 Howstuffworks.com
 Windows.microsoft.com

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