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Planets

The document summarizes the eight planets in our solar system. It describes that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits and there are four inner planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars made of rock, and four outer gas giants - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each planet is then briefly characterized by their composition, size, temperature and other notable features like moons or rings.

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119 views34 pages

Planets

The document summarizes the eight planets in our solar system. It describes that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits and there are four inner planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars made of rock, and four outer gas giants - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each planet is then briefly characterized by their composition, size, temperature and other notable features like moons or rings.

Uploaded by

Cath Manila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solar system

Planets
• Planets are the large celestial bodies which revolve
around the sun in closed elliptical paths called
orbits.

• The planets move around the sun from west to east


There are eight planets in the solar system -

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
Inner Planets
• Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
are inner planets.
• made of rocks and have metallic
cores.
• solid surfaces like our Earth.
• Earth is the biggest of the four
inner planets
Outer planets
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called outer
planets.

• The first four outer planets are very giant.

• They are made of hydrogen and helium gases.

• All the planets revolve around the sun and also rotate on
their axis.
Mercury
• Mercury is the first planet from the sun
• During day time 430°c
• night time -180°c due to lack of
atmosphere.
• Has a rocky surface which is covered
with craters.
Mercury
Venus
• Venus is the second planet.

• Venus is slightly smaller than the earth.

• Venus is a rocky planet.

• The planet Venus has a dense atmosphere which


consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide gas.

• The cloudy atmosphere of Venus is an excellent


reflector of sun light. The planet Venus is the
brightest object in the night sky.

• The maximum temperature on the planet is 480°c.


Venus

Venus
Earth
• Earth is the third planet.
• When viewed from the outer space,the
earth appears to be a blue and green ball
due to the reflection of sunlight from water
and land on its surface .
• The earth has an atmosphere contains
gases like nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide,
noble gases ,water vapor and some ozone
.
Earth
• The earth rotates on its axis.

• It rotates on an imaginary axis which


phases which through its north and
south pole.

• The average temperature of the


surface of the earth is 15°c

• The earth has one natural satellite


called moon.
The motions of the earth

• Rotation
The earth completes one rotation on its axis in
24 hours which we call one day.

The earth rotates on its axis from east to west.

The axis of rotation of earth is slightly tilted.


Satellite of the Earth: Moon
The Motion of the Earth Around
the Sun Causes Seasons
Two factors are responsible for causing
different seasons on the Earth. These are:
1. Motions of the earth around the sun once
every year.

2. Tilt of the Earth’s axis to the plane of its


orbit
around the sun.
Mars
• Mars is the fourth planet from the sun.

• Red planet

• The red color of Mars is caused by the presence of


hydrated iron oxide compound on its soil.

• The thin atmosphere of mars contains mainly


carbon dioxide with small amounts of nitrogen,
oxygen, noble gases and water vapour.
• cold planet.
• The surface temperature on Mars varies
from a minimum of, -87°c to a maximum
of 17°c.
• It has no water.
• has two natural satellites called ‘phobos’
and ‘Deimos’.
Mars
Jupiter
• Jupiter is the fifth planet

• The biggest planet of the solar system.

• The diameter of Jupiter is 11 times the diameter of the Earth and


mass is about 318 times that of the Earth.

• Jupiter has a very deep atmosphere.

• The atmosphere of the Jupiter consists of helium, hydrogen,


methane and ammonia.

• The surface of the Jupiter is mainly made of liquid hydrogen.


Jupiter
Saturn
• Saturn is the sixth planet.
• Second biggest planet in the solar system.
• The atmosphere of Saturn consists of
hydrogen, helium, methane and ammonia
gases.
• Has no solid surface.The surface of Saturn
is liquid hydrogen.
• Below the surface is frozen hydrogen.
• Colorful rings surround it.
• The rings of Saturn are made up of
tiny particles.

• The presence of a well-developed


system of rings around Saturn makes
it unique in the solar system.

• Rings have now been discovered


around other planets –Jupiter, Uranus
and Neptune
Saturn
• Saturn is an extremely cold
planet.
• The surface temperature on
Saturn is, -180° C. No life can
exist on Saturn.
• Saturn has 30 satellites.
• The biggest and brightest satellite
of Saturn is called Titan. Titan is
bigger than the planet mercury.
Uranus
• Uranus is the seventh planet.

• It was the first planet to have


been discovered with the help of a
telescope.

• Uranus was discovered with the


William Herschel in the year
1781.
• Uranus is made up of mainly of hydrogen and
helium.

• It is surrounded by a thick atmosphere of


hydrogen, helium and methane.

• Temperature is -190°C.

• It is also surrounded by an atmosphere of


poisonous gases.

• Has 21 satellites or moons. It has also some rings


around it.
Uranus
Rings of Uranus
Neptune

• Neptune is the eighth planet.

• It lies beyond the Uranus.

• Neptune is the second planet which is


discovered with the help of telescope.

• Neptune was discovered in 1846 as a result


of the effect of its gravitational pull on
Uranus.
Neptune
• Neptune is about the same size and mass as
Uranus.

• Neptune is mainly made up of liquid and


frozen hydrogen and helium gases.

• The temperature of the surface of Neptune


is,-200C.

• Neptune has 8 satellites.

• It has also rings around it.

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