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Lec 2.2 Client Server Archiecture

A computer network connects computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made with physical wires but can also be wireless. The Internet is made up of many smaller networks owned by different organizations that are connected. An Internet service provider gives individuals and companies access to the Internet through technologies like phone modems, DSL, or cable modems. Firewalls filter network traffic to protect networks according to access policies. The domain name system translates friendly hostnames into IP addresses for network communication.

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57 views14 pages

Lec 2.2 Client Server Archiecture

A computer network connects computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made with physical wires but can also be wireless. The Internet is made up of many smaller networks owned by different organizations that are connected. An Internet service provider gives individuals and companies access to the Internet through technologies like phone modems, DSL, or cable modems. Firewalls filter network traffic to protect networks according to access policies. The domain name system translates friendly hostnames into IP addresses for network communication.

Uploaded by

Suman Jyoti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Networking

• Computer network A collection of


computing devices that are connected in
various ways in order to communicate and
share resources
Usually, the connections between
computers in a network are made using
physical wires or cables
However, some connections are wireless,
using radio waves or infrared signals
15-1
Networking

• Computer networks have opened up an


entire frontier in the world of computing
called the client/server model

Figure 15.1 Client/Server interaction 15-2


So, who owns the Internet?

Well, nobody does. No single person or


company owns the Internet or even
controls it entirely. As a wide-area network,
it is made up of many smaller networks.
These smaller networks are often owned
and managed by a person or organization.
The Internet, then, is really defined by how
connections can be made between these
networks.
15-3
Internet Connections

• Internet backbone A set of high-speed


networks that carry Internet traffic
These networks are provided by
companies such as AT&T, GTE, and IBM
• Internet service provider (ISP) A
company that provides other companies or
individuals with access to the Internet

15-4
Internet Connections

• There are various technologies available that you can


use to connect a home computer to the Internet
– A phone modem converts computer data into an analog
audio signal for transfer over a telephone line, and then a
modem at the destination converts it back again into data
– A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone
lines to transfer digital data to and from the phone company’s
central office
– A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV
signals come in on to transfer the data back and forth

15-5
Firewalls

• Firewall A machine and its software that


serve as a special gateway to a network,
protecting it from inappropriate access
– Filters the network traffic that comes in,
checking the validity of the messages as
much as possible and perhaps denying some
messages altogether
– Enforces an organization’s access control
policy
15-6
Firewalls

Figure 15.8 A firewall protecting a LAN 15-7


Network Addresses

• Hostname A unique identification that


specifies a particular computer on the
Internet
For example
matisse.csc.villanova.edu
condor.develocorp.com

15-8
Network Addresses

• Network software translates a hostname


into its corresponding IP address
For example
205.39.145.18

15-9
Network Addresses

• An IP address can be split into


– network address, which specifies a specific network
– host number, which specifies a particular machine in
that network

Figure 15.9
An IP address is
stored in four
bytes

15-10
Domain Name System

• A hostname consists of the computer name


followed by the domain name
• csc.villanova.edu is the domain name
– A domain name is separated into two or more
sections that specify the organization, and possibly a
subset of an organization, of which the computer is a
part
– Two organizations can have a computer named the
same thing because the domain name makes it clear
which one is being referred to

15-11
Domain Name System

• The very last section of the domain is called its


top-level domain (TLD) name

Figure 15.10 Top-level domains, including some relatively new ones 15-12
Domain Name System

• Organizations based in countries other than the


United States use a top-level domain that
corresponds to their two-letter country codes

Figure 15.11
Some of the top-level domain
names based on country codes

15-13
Domain Name System

• The domain name system (DNS) is


chiefly used to translate hostnames into
numeric IP addresses
– DNS is an example of a distributed database
– If that server can resolve the hostname, it
does so
– If not, that server asks another domain name
server

15-14

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