Artificial Neural Networks

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Artificial Neural Networks

Introduction
OUTLINE:
• - Artificial Neural Networks: Properties, applications
- Artificial Neuron
- Perceptron

• - Perceptron Learning Rule


• - Limitation
- History of ANNs
- Artificial Neural Networks

• - Different Network Topologies


• - Multi-layer Perceptrons
• - Backpropagation Learning Rule
Artificial Neural Networks:
• Computational models inspired by the human
brain:
• –Massively parallel, distributed system, made up
• of simple processing units(neurons)
• –Synaptic connection strengths among neurons
• are used to store the acquired knowledge.
• –Knowledge is acquired by the network from its
• environment through a learning process
Applications of ANN:
• ANNs have been widely used in various
domains for:
–Pattern recognition
–Associative memory
– Function approximation
Artificial Neural Networks:
• Early ANN Models:
• –Perceptron, ADALINE, Hopfield Network
• Current Models:
• – Multilayer feedforward networks (Multilayer
• perceptrons)
–Radial Basis Fuction networks
–Self Organizing Networks
Applications of ANN:
• Aerospace: High performance aircraft autopilots, flight path simulations,
aircraft control systems, autopilot enhancements, aircraft
component simulations, aircraft component fault detectors

• Automotive: Automobile automatic guidance systems, warranty activity


analyzers

• Banking: Check and other document readers, credit application evaluator

• Defense:Weapon steering, target tracking, object discrimination, facial


recognition, new kinds of sensors, sonar, radar and image
signal processing including data compression, feature
extraction and noise suppression, signal/image identification
Applications of ANN:
• Electronics: Code sequence prediction, integrated circuit chip layout,
process control, chip failure analysis, machine vision, voice
synthesis, nonlinear modeling
• Robotics: Trajectory control, forklift robot, manipulator controllers, vision
system
• Speech: Speech recognition, speech compression, vowel classification, text
to speech synthesis
• Telecommunication: Image and data compression, automated information
services, real-time translation of spoken language, customer payment
processing systems
• Securities: Market analysis, automatic bond rating, stock trading advisory
system
Properties of ANN:
• Learning from examples
–labeled or unlabeled

• Adaptivity
–changing the connection strengths to learn things

• Non-linearity
–the non-linear activation functions are essential
• Fault tolerance
–if one of the neurons or connections is damaged, the
whole network still works quite well
Properties of ANN:
They might be better alternatives than classical
solutions for problems characterised by:

–Nonlinearities
–High dimensionality
–Noisy, complex, imprecise, imperfect and/or
error prone sensor data
–A lack of a clearly stated mathematical solution
or algorithm
Artificial Neural Network:

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