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Fuzzy Logic Algorithm - Copy11aa

The document discusses using fuzzy logic to solve the unit commitment problem in power systems. The unit commitment problem aims to minimize generation costs while meeting load demand and operational constraints. It describes using fuzzy logic by defining fuzzy variables for the problem and relating them through fuzzy rules to determine the optimal production cost. Fuzzy logic is shown to provide a more optimal solution and lower total costs compared to traditional priority list methods for solving the unit commitment problem.

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51 views15 pages

Fuzzy Logic Algorithm - Copy11aa

The document discusses using fuzzy logic to solve the unit commitment problem in power systems. The unit commitment problem aims to minimize generation costs while meeting load demand and operational constraints. It describes using fuzzy logic by defining fuzzy variables for the problem and relating them through fuzzy rules to determine the optimal production cost. Fuzzy logic is shown to provide a more optimal solution and lower total costs compared to traditional priority list methods for solving the unit commitment problem.

Uploaded by

khannarajesh12
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fuzzy Logic

for
Unit Commitment Problem
Under the Guidance of
B Durga Prasad

By
Uday Kishan R
Introduction :
• The load of a Power System varies throughout the day and reaches a
different peak value from one day to another.

• So the electric utility has to decide in advance which generators to start


up and when to connect them to the network – The sequence in
which the
operation units should be shut down and for how long..

• The computational procedure for making such decisions is called Unit


Commitment.

• The unit when scheduled for connection to the system is said to be


Committed.
Objective :
The main objective of unit commitment is to minimize the total
production cost over the study period & to satisfy the constraints imposed
on the system such as power generation-load balance, spinning reserve,
operating constraints, minimum up time & minimum down time, etc.
Several conventional methods are available to solve the unit commitment
problem.

The unit commitment is aimed at devising a proper generator


commitment schedule for a power system over a period of one day to one
week.
Operational Constraints :
• The Unit Commitment Problem is to determine a minimal cost turn-
on and turn-off schedule of a set of electrical power generating units to
meet a load demand while satisfying a set of operational constraints.

• The production cost includes fuel, start-up, shutdown, and no-load


costs.

• The commitment of fossil fuel units is considered which have


different production costs because of their dissimilar frequencies,
design and fuel types.
Considerations :
• Some of the operational constraints that must be taken into account include

• The total power generated must meet the load demand plus system losses.

• There must be enough spinning reserve to cover any shortfalls in generation.

• The loading of each unit must be within its minimum and maximum
• allowable rating.

• The minimum up and down times of each unit must be observed.


Unit Commitment by Priority list method:
 A unit, which is the highest of maximum output power is located at the
bottom of the list and the other units are located in descending order of their
maximum output power towards the top of the list.

 The most costly unit, which is on the top of the list, would have the lowest
priority. Then, commit units until the load demand plus the spinning reserve
requirements are fulfilled in the priority list order at every time interval.
Algorithm for Priority List :
• Read load demand in one day initialize the total cost(TC=0).
• Calculate demand=load + spinning reserve
• Prepare a priority list based on maximum power output.
• If, same output power units exits then sort according to the heat rates
• Commit enough units in every hour according to the requirement
(demand)
• Calculation of Total cost over 24 hours for h=1;h<=24
a. Calculation of total fuel cost in a particular hour
b. Calculate start up costs (start cost)
c. Calculate total cost in a particular hour
• Total Cost = Fuel Cost + Start Up Cost
• Print total cost
• Stop.
The Test System :

Period Deman Reserve


Unit Max MUT MTD I.C b1 b2 b3 SDC AFL
(Hours) d + Cap C
(MW) Deman
d 1 80 3 2 -1 350 158 0.4 0 20.88

01 400 450
2 250 2 1 -2 400 162.62 0.9 0 18
02 470 530

03 520 600 3 300 4 2 1 1100 421.18 0.48 0 17.46

04 510 540
4 60 2 3 -4 0.02 0.02 0.018 0 23.80
05 360 400
06 240 280
07 240 290
08 450 500 TABLE 2
TABLE 1 GENERATING UNIT CHARACTERISTICS OF TEST SYSTEM
LOAD DEMAND & RESERVE REQUIREMENT OF TEST SYSTEM
Unit Commitment Problem Formulation :

• Objective Function =
The Total Cost over the entire scheduling period
= Running cost + Start up cost +
Shut down cost for all the units.

• Running Cost =
H N

Min FC = Σ Σ Uih (FCi) Pih


h=1 i=1
• Start Up Cost equals to :

STi = b1 [1-exp(-b3*Xi)] + b2

Where bl, b2 and b3 are start-up cost parameters and Xi the


number of consecutive hours for which the unit i has been down.
• OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:

H N

Min OF = Σ Σ Uih(FCi)Pih + STiUih(1-Ui,h-1)+SDi Ui,h-1 (1- Uih)


h=1 i=1
Results for Priority List Method :
Table 3
Result for Test system with Priority List Algorithm based approach

Hou Unit 1 Unit Unit 3 Unit 4 Pj OC


r 2 MW
01 0 1 1 0 550 9978

02 0 1 1 0 550 9738

03 0 1 1 1 610 11166

04 0 1 1 1 610 11166
05 0 1 1 0 550 9738

06 0 0 1 0 300 5238

07 0 0 1 0 300 5238

08 0 1 1 0 550 9978

Cumulative cost in Indian Rupees (INR) = 72,240 INR


A Brief On Fuzzy Logic :
• Fuzzy Logic Algorithm provides a solution to UCP by working with a
population of individuals each representing a possible solution.

• It provides a powerful global search mechanism, whose computation


code is simple.

• Fuzzy logic (FL) is useful in reducing the need for complex


mathematical models in problem solving.

• Fuzziness is used to describe uncertainty, which is applicable to the UCP.

• Loading of generators, start up cost, incremental cost and production cost


are considered to be fuzzy variables with the UCP.
Implementation of Fuzzy Logic for UCP:

 After identifying the fuzzy variables associated with unit


commitment, the fuzzy sets defining these variables are selected and
normalized between 0 and 1.
 In a fuzzy-logic-based approach, decisions are made by
forming a series of rules that relate the input variables to the
output variable using if-then statements.
 This relation between the input variables and the output variables is given
as: Production Cost= Load Capacity of Generator and Incremental Cost and
Start-up Cost.
 The membership function of the production cost, μPRC is computed as
follows: μPRC= μ LCG• μIC• μSUP
 Hence,Defuzzification process is used in order to obtain crisp values.
Cost Comparison :
Priority List Method : Fuzzy Logic Method :
(Obtained Cost) (To be Obtained)

72,240 INR 69,683.6 INR

Table 4
Cost comparison of Fuzzy Logic & Priority List based approach for UCP

Therefore the total savings per year by using


Fuzzy Logic Method would be 27,99,258 INR

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