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Introduction To Voip: Cisco Networking Academy Program

Intro to voip

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73 views29 pages

Introduction To Voip: Cisco Networking Academy Program

Intro to voip

Uploaded by

drine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to VoIP

Cisco Networking Academy Program

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Requirements of Voice in an IP
Internetwork

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
IP Internetwork

• IP is connectionless.
• IP provides multiple paths from source to
destination.
IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Packet Loss, Delay, and Jitter

• Packet loss
Loss of packets severely degrades the voice application.

• Delay
VoIP typically tolerates delays up to 150 ms before the
quality of the call degrades.

• Jitter
Instantaneous buffer use causes delay variation in the
same voice stream.

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Consistent Throughput

• Throughput is the amount of data transmitted


between two nodes in a given period.
• Throughput is a function of bandwidth, error
performance, congestion, and other factors.
• Tools for enhanced voice throughput include:
Queuing
Congestion avoidance
Header compression
RSVP
Fragmentation

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Reordering of Packets

• IP assumes packet-ordering problems.


• RTP reorders packets.

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Reliability and Availability

• Traditional telephony networks claim 99.999%


uptime.
• Data networks must consider reliability and
availability requirements when incorporating voice.
• Methods to improve reliability and availability
include:
Redundant hardware
Redundant links
UPS
Proactive network management

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Gateways and Their Roles

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Analog vs. Digital

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Gathering the Requirements
• Is an analog or digital gateway required?
• What is the required capacity of the gateway?
• What type of connection is the gateway going to use? Is Foreign
Exchange Office (FXO), FXS, E&M, T1, E1, PRI, or BRI signaling
required?
• What signaling protocol is used? H.323, Media Gateway Control
Protocol (MGCP), or session initiation protocol (SIP)?
• Is voice compression a part of the design? If so, which type?
• Are direct inward dialing (DID), calling line identification (CLID),
modem relay, or fax relay required?
• Is the device acting only as gateway or as gateway and
router/LAN switch? Is inline power for IP Phones required?
• Is remote site survivability required?
• To which country is the hardware shipped?
IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Enterprise Gateway Considerations—
Remote Site

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Enterprise Gateway Considerations—
Central Site

• Dial plan integration


• Voice-mail integration
• Gateway for PBX interconnect
• Inline power requirements for IP Phones

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Service Provider Gateway Considerations

• Signaling interconnection type


SS7 supports a high volume of call setup.

• Carrier-class performance
Gateways must have redundancy and QoS support.

• Scalability
Gateways must support rapid growth.

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Encapsulating Voice in IP Packets

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Major VoIP Protocols

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
VoIP Protocols and the OSI Model

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Real-Time Transport Protocol

• Provides end-to-end network functions and delivery


services for delay-sensitive, real-time data, such as
voice and video
• Works with queuing to prioritize voice traffic over
other traffic
• Services include:
Payload-type identification
Sequence numbering
Time stamping
Delivery monitoring

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol

• Monitors the quality of the data distribution and


provides control information
• Provides feedback on current network conditions
• Allows hosts involved in an RTP session to
exchange information about monitoring and
controlling the session
• Provides a separate flow from RTP for UDP
transport use

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
RTP Header Compression

• RTP header compression saves bandwidth by


compressing packet headers across WAN links.

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
When to Use RTP Header Compression

• Narrowband links
• Slow links (less than 2 Mbps)
• Need to conserve bandwidth on a WAN interface
IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Calculating Bandwidth Requirements

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Bandwidth Implications of Codec

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Impact of Voice Samples

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Data Link Overhead

• Ethernet
18 bytes overhead

• MLP
6 bytes overhead

• Frame Relay
6 bytes overhead

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Security and Tunneling Overhead

• IPSec
50 to 57 bytes

• L2TP/GRE
24 bytes

• MLPPP
6 bytes

• MPLS
4 bytes

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Specialized Encapsulations

• X.25 over TCP/IP


• IPv6 over IPv4
• L2F
• Others…

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Total Bandwidth Required

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Effect of VAD

IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
IP Telephony © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29

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