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Cell Formation in Group Technology: Reviiew, Evaluation and Directions For Future Research

This document discusses cell formation in manufacturing. It defines group technology, cellular manufacturing, and cellular formation. It then reviews techniques for identifying part families and machine groups, forming manufacturing cells, and determining routing plans. Descriptive, clustering, and mathematical programming approaches are evaluated and compared. More research is needed to develop flexible approaches, incorporate multiple objectives, and evaluate different methods for practical implementation of cellular manufacturing systems.

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Muhammad Usman Bashir
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75 views18 pages

Cell Formation in Group Technology: Reviiew, Evaluation and Directions For Future Research

This document discusses cell formation in manufacturing. It defines group technology, cellular manufacturing, and cellular formation. It then reviews techniques for identifying part families and machine groups, forming manufacturing cells, and determining routing plans. Descriptive, clustering, and mathematical programming approaches are evaluated and compared. More research is needed to develop flexible approaches, incorporate multiple objectives, and evaluate different methods for practical implementation of cellular manufacturing systems.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Usman Bashir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELL FORMATION IN GROUP

TECHNOLOGY: REVIIEW,
EVALUATION AND DIRECTIONS
FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
GROUP TECHNOLOGY
manufacturing and engineering management approach to manage
diversity by identifying similarities in products and activities and
capitalizing them.

CELLULAR MANUFACTURING
A manufacturing approach in which equipment and workstations
are arranged to facilitate small lot, continuous flow production by
creating manufacturing cells.

CELLULAR FORMATION
deals with identifying routing plans when machines are divided into
groups and parts into part families.
CELLULAR MANUFACTURING(CM)
IDENTIFYING PART FAMILIES

GROUPING INTO PART FAMILIES

IDENTIFYING MACHINE TYPES

CREATING AND OPERATING MANUFACTURING CELLS

REARRANGING EXISTING EQUIPMENT OR ACQUIRING NEW EQUIPMENT

CM OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITIES:
MANNING CELLS, EQUIPMENT SETUP, PROCESSING, MATERIAL HANDLING,
INSPECTION
CELLULAR FORMATION(CF)
MACHINE NUMBER, TYPES
NUMBER AND TYPE OF PARTS
CELLULAR FORMATION MACHINE STANDARDS FOR EACH PART
GROUPING OF PARTS AND MACHINES
INTO CELLS
ROUTING PLANS

ONCE PARTS ARE IDENTIFIED


THREE MAJOR DECISIONS NEED TO BE TAKEN:
1- IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS
2- IDENTIFICATION OF MACHINE CELLS
3- ALLOCATION OF FAMILIES TO MACHINE CELLS
GENERAL CELL FORMATION MODEL
CF IS CONCERNED WITH:
1- ASSIGNING WORKERS
2- PART TYPES
3- MACHINES
4- TOOLING

GIVEN DATA:
1- OPERATION TYPES TOOLING

2- SETUP TIME.
3- CYCLE TIME.

CONSTRAINTS: FIXED COST, OPERATING COST AND AVAILABLE TIME PER YEAR
OBJECTIVE IS TO MINIMIZE COST OF THE ASSIGNMENT (Z)
1 2

3 4 5

1- DEPRICIATION COST PER PERIOD


2- VARIABLE COST OF MACHINES PER TIME PERIOD
3- STOCK TOOLING COST
4- MATERIAL HANDLING COST
5- WORKER TRAINING COST PER PERIOD
CONSTRAINTS
THIS ENSURES OPERATION OF EACH PART
TO BE ASSIGNED TO EACH CELL.

ENSURES ALLOCATION OF MACHINES OF EACH


TYPE TO PERFORM ASSIGNED WORKLOAD
INDICATES WHICH OPERATIONS ARE
PERFORMED IN EACH CELL
PICK OUT INTERCELL MOVES

LIMITS NUMBER OF MACHINES IN EACH CELL.

ENSURES ATLEAST THETA WORKERS ARE TRAINED


TO OPERATE EACH MACHINE IN A CELL
ASSIGNS EACH WORKER TO EXACTLY ONE GROUP

ENSURES ADEQUATE WORKFORCE INN EACH CELL TO


MEET TOTAL WORKLOAD.
CELL FORMATION TECHNIQUES

PFI: PART FAMILIES IDENTIFICATION


MGI: MACHINE GROUP IDENTIFICATION
PF/MG: PART FAMILIES/ MACHINE GROUPING.
LP: LINEAR PROGRAMMING
LQP: LINEAR AND QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING
GP: GOAL PROGRAMMING
DP: DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING.
DESCRIPTIVE PROCEDURES
IT HAS THREE CLASSES:
1-PART FAMILIES IDENTIFICATION (PFI)
2-MACHINE GROUP IDENTIFICATION (MGI)
3- PART FAMILIES/ MACHINE GROUPING(PF/MG)

PFI CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY:


1- VISUAL EXAMINATION, RULES OF THUMB.
2- FORMAL CODING.
MGI STAGES:
1- MACHINES ARE GROUPED ACCORDING TO INFORMATION OF PART ROUTINGS.
2- PARTS ARE THEN ALLOCATED TO MACHINE GROUPS
PF/MG:
1- PRODUCTION FLOW ANALYSIS THROUGH PART ROUTING SHEETS TO FORM CELLS
2- NUCLEAR SYNTHESIS WHERE MANUFACTURING CELLS ARE CREATED AROUND KEY
MACHINES.
3- COMPONENT FLOW ANALYSIS
CLUSTEER ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUES:
1- ARRAY BASED CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE
2- HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES
3- NON-HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES.

ARRAY BASED CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE:


 REPRESTED THROUGH INCIDENCE MATRIX.
 REARRANGING ROWS AND COLUMNS TO FIND BLOCK DIAGONAL FORM.
HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING:
MACHINE COMPONENTS MATRIX PARTITIONED INTO CELLS UNTIL NOT
NOT SUBDIVIED FURTHER
REPRESENTED THROUGH TREE DIAGRAM:

2- DENDROGRAM:
NON-HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING:
1-BEGINS WITH INITIAL PARTITION OF DATA SET
2- NUMBERS OF CLUSTERS ARE DECIDED IN ADVANCE

GRAPH PARTITIONING APPROACH:


 MACHINES AND PARTS ARE REPRESENTED AS VERTICES AND PROCESSING OF PARTS AS
ARCS CONNECTING THESE NODES
 ITS AIM IS OBTAINING DISCONNECTED SUBGRAPHS FROM MACHINE-MACHINE OR
MACHINE-PART GRAPH TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURING CELLS.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE APPROACH:


IT INVOLVES AUTOMATION OF PROCESS TO IDENTIFY PART FAMILIES AND ASSIGNING PARTS
TO APPROPRIATE CELLS ACCORDING TO GEOMETRIC FEATURES, MANUFACTURING CELL
CHARACTERISTICS etc.

MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH:


IT HAS FOUR TYPES OF FORMULATIONS INCLUDING LINEAR PROGRAMMING, LINEAR AND
QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING, GOAL PROGRAMMING, DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING TO
IDENTIFY PART FAMILIES AND MACHINE GROUPS.
COMPARISONS & EVALUATIONS
1- THE PERFORMANCE AND SOLUTION QUALITY OF DESCRIPTIVE HEURISTICS ARE NOT
QUANTIFIED AND OBJECTIVE IS NOT CLEARLY STATED.

2- CLUSTERING, ARRAY-BASED TECHNIQUES AND OTHERS USE SIMILARITY OR DISTANCE


MEASURES TO IDENTIFY CLUSTERS THUS PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE OF THESE METHODS
IS NOT KNOWN.

3- MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING FORMULATIONS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BUT ARE


HARD TO IMPLEMENT DUE TO COMPUTATIONAL LIMITATIONS.

4-PRIOR RESEARCH FOCUSED ON SINGLE OBJECTIVE IN IDENTIFYING CELLS BUT CF


STRUCTURE CONTAINS MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS THUS RENDERING FINAL
CONFIGURATION UNSUITABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION.

5- VERY LITTLE FOCUS HAS BEEN PAID TO INCORPORATION AND MEASUREMENT OF


MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS.
CONCLUSIONS
 IN THIS PAPER TWO ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONS ARE ADDED TO CF PROBLEM
WHICH ARE TOOLING COSTS AND WORKER TRAINING COSTS.

 MANY OF BETTER KNOWN CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES DON’T INCLUDE MACHINE


UTIIZATION NOR INCLUDE MULTIPLE MACHINES OF SAME TYPE IN CALCULATIONS.

 MORE ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO UTILIZING THE OPERATIONAL


FLEXIBILITY.

 THERE IS NEED TO EVALUATE AND COMPARE DIFFERENT APPROACHES BASED


ON THEIR APPLICABILITY, AVAILABILITY & PRACTICABILITY.

THERE IS NEED TO DEVELOP APPROACHES ON VIRTUAL CELLS TO MEET


UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT DEMANDS

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