Week 2
Week 2
Week 2
Market Demand
Demand for a good or service is defined as quantities
of a good or service that people are ready (willing and
able) to buy at various prices within some given time
period, other factors besides price held constant.
Market Demand
Market demand is the sum of all the individual
demands.
An increase in demand
causes equilibrium
price and quantity to
rise.
Short-run Analysis
A decrease in demand
causes equilibrium
price and quantity to
fall.
Short-run Analysis
An increase in supply
causes equilibrium
price to fall and
equilibrium quantity to
rise.
Short-run Analysis
A decrease in supply
causes equilibrium
price to rise and
equilibrium quantity to
fall.
Comparative Statics Analysis
The long run is the period of time in which:
New sellers may enter a market
Existing sellers may exit from a market
Existing sellers may adjust fixed factors of production
Buyers may react to a change in equilibrium price by
changing their tastes and preferences or buying
preferences
Comparative Statics Analysis
The guiding or allocating function of price is the
movement of resources into or out of markets in
response to a change in the equilibrium price.
Long-run Analysis
Initial change: decrease in
demand from D1 to D2
Result: reduction in
equilibrium price and
quantity, now P2,Q2
Follow-on adjustment:
movement of resources out of
the market
leftward shift in the supply
curve to S2
Equilibrium price and
quantity now P3,Q3
Long-run Analysis
Initial change: increase in
demand from D1 to D2
Result: increase in
equilibrium price and
quantity, now P2,Q2
Follow-on adjustment:
movement of resources into
the market
rightward shift in the supply
curve to S2
Equilibrium price and
quantity now P3,Q3
Supply, Demand, and Price:
The Managerial Challenge
In the extreme case, the forces of supply and
demand are the sole determinants of the market
price.
This type of market is “perfect competition”
In other markets, individual firms can exert
market power over their price because of their:
dominant size.
ability to differentiate their product through advertising,
brand name, features, or services
Exercise 1: Using the schedules below, answer the
following questions.
Quantity supplied
Quantity demanded Price (grams of rice)
Price
(grams of rice)
E F
A B C D
3 1
Price ($) 11 9 7 5
Quantity
16 24 32 40 48 56
Demand