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Forces: ¿ Qué Es Un Force? Apushorapull

The document discusses the four fundamental forces - gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. It then provides biographies of Galileo and Isaac Newton, summarizing Galileo's studies of falling bodies and Newton's development of the three laws of motion. The document concludes by defining common everyday forces like weight, normal force, tension, and friction, and providing equations for calculating friction. It emphasizes that free body diagrams should show all forces acting on an object through its center of mass.

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Iekram Ramiek
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71 views28 pages

Forces: ¿ Qué Es Un Force? Apushorapull

The document discusses the four fundamental forces - gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. It then provides biographies of Galileo and Isaac Newton, summarizing Galileo's studies of falling bodies and Newton's development of the three laws of motion. The document concludes by defining common everyday forces like weight, normal force, tension, and friction, and providing equations for calculating friction. It emphasizes that free body diagrams should show all forces acting on an object through its center of mass.

Uploaded by

Iekram Ramiek
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forces

¿ Qué es un Force?
A push or a pull
The Four Fundamental Forces
1. Gravitational

2. Electromagnetic

3. Strong Nuclear

4. Weak Nuclear
Galileo
• 1564 - 1642
• Was a Copernican
• Convicted of Heresy
1633
• Pardoned by Pope in
1992
Galileo
• Studied Falling Bodies
• Theorized what was later to be known as
Newton’s first law of motion

http://galileo.rice.edu/
Sir Isaac Newton

• 1642 – 1727
• Developed three
Laws of Motion
• Invented Calculus
Newton’s Laws of Motion
1. An object at rest
will remain at rest,
an object in motion
remain in motion
with a constant
velocity unless
acted on by a net
external force.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
2. The acceleration of a
body is proportional
to the net force on
the body AND
proportional to the
inverse of the body’s
mass.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
3. For every force
there is an equal but
opposite force

Fhead on hand
Fhand on head
Everyday Forces
1. Weight: This is the force of gravity. Or
gravity acting on a mass.

Straight Down
w = mg

2. Normal Force, FN: The force a surface


applies to an object. It is ALWAYS
perpendicular to surface
Everyday Forces
3. Tension, FT: The force applied by a rope.
Or the force in a rope. Ropes only pull. It is
always along the rope.

4. Friction, fk or fs: The force a surface applies


that resists motion or an applied force.
Always parallel to the surface opposite
motion or potential motion
Everyday Forces
5. Applied Force: A force applied by some
object, like a person, that does not fall into
any previous category. In the direction
specified
Friction
• Remember friction always opposes motion or
the applied force
Friction, types
• Kinetic Friction: this is moving friction
• Static friction: this is non-moving friction

Both friction types are defined by the coefficient


of friction, μ (either kinetic, μk or static, μs)
Friction Equations

f k   k FN
f s   s FN
Drawing Free Body Diagrams
1. Draw forces acting on
object acting through the
center of mass (ask the 5 FN
questions on the next
slide)
2. Label “everyday” Forces
3. Label acceleration if
present
4. Apply ΣF=ma in x and y mg
directions
5 Questions to ask when drawing an FBD
1. Is it on Earth?
• If yes, then there is weight and it is straight down
2. Is it on a surface?
• If yes, then there is a normal force and it is perpendicular to
the surface
3. Is there a rope involved?
• If yes, then there is tension and it acts along the rope
4. Is it on a rough surface?
• If yes, then there is friction and it is parallel to the surface
opposite the motion or intended motion
5. Is someone pushing or pulling the object?
• If yes, then there is an applied force and it is in the direction
indicated
FN

mg
FT

mg
FN

Fapplied

fs no motion
fk motion
mg
FN

FT

FT
m2 g

m1 g
FN

Ff
FT

FT
m2 g

m1 g
FN

θ
mg
FN

θ
mg
y
y
FN
FN x
a

x
a

θ mg cos θ
θ

mg mg sin θ
mg
FN
Ff

θ
mg
y
y
FN
FN x
Ff
a
Ff
x
a

θ mg cos θ
θ

mg mg sin θ
mg

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