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    MCE 561 Computational Methods in Solid Mechanics Nonlinear Issues

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    prashant15
    This document discusses nonlinear issues in finite element analysis (FEA). There are three main sources of nonlinearity: 1) nonlinear material behavior, 2) large deformations resulting in geometric nonlinearity, and 3) nonlinear boundary conditions. Nonlinear FEA problems may not have a unique solution and iterative methods used may not converge. Example nonlinear problems include materials with nonlinear stress-strain behavior, large deformation problems where geometry changes stiffness, and contact problems where boundary conditions change with deformation. Solution techniques for nonlinear problems require methods other than direct matrix inversion such as incremental/iterative procedures.

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    MCE 561 Computational Methods in Solid Mechanics Nonlinear Issues

    Uploaded by

    prashant15
    49 views9 pages
    This document discusses nonlinear issues in finite element analysis (FEA). There are three main sources of nonlinearity: 1) nonlinear material behavior, 2) large deformations resulting in geometric nonlinearity, and 3) nonlinear boundary conditions. Nonlinear FEA problems may not have a unique solution and iterative methods used may not converge. Example nonlinear problems include materials with nonlinear stress-strain behavior, large deformation problems where geometry changes stiffness, and contact problems where boundary conditions change with deformation. Solution techniques for nonlinear problems require methods other than direct matrix inversion such as incremental/iterative procedures.

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    nonlinear analysis

    Original Title

    Nonlinear

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    This document discusses nonlinear issues in finite element analysis (FEA). There are three main sources of nonlinearity: 1) nonlinear material behavior, 2) large deformations resulting in geometric nonlinearity, and 3) nonlinear boundary conditions. Nonlinear FEA problems may not have a unique solution and iterative methods used may not converge. Example nonlinear problems include materials with nonlinear stress-strain behavior, large deformation problems where geometry changes stiffness, and contact problems where boundary conditions change with deformation. Solution techniques for nonlinear problems require methods other than direct matrix inversion such as incremental/iterative procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    49 views9 pages

    MCE 561 Computational Methods in Solid Mechanics Nonlinear Issues

    Uploaded by

    prashant15
    This document discusses nonlinear issues in finite element analysis (FEA). There are three main sources of nonlinearity: 1) nonlinear material behavior, 2) large deformations resulting in geometric nonlinearity, and 3) nonlinear boundary conditions. Nonlinear FEA problems may not have a unique solution and iterative methods used may not converge. Example nonlinear problems include materials with nonlinear stress-strain behavior, large deformation problems where geometry changes stiffness, and contact problems where boundary conditions change with deformation. Solution techniques for nonlinear problems require methods other than direct matrix inversion such as incremental/iterative procedures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    MCE 561 Computational Methods in Solid Mechanics

    Nonlinear Issues
    Nonlinear FEA
    Many problems of engineering interest involve nonlinear behavior.
    Such behavior commonly arises from the following three sources:
    Nonlinear Material Behavior
    This is one of the most common forms of nonlinearity, and would include
    nonlinear elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic behavior. For thermal problems, a
    temperature dependent thermal conductivity will produce nonlinear equations.
    • Large Deformation Theory (Geometric Nonlinearity)
    If a continuum body under study undergoes large finite deformations, the strain-
    displacement relations will become nonlinear. Also for structural mechanics
    problems under large deformations, the stiffness will change with deformation
    thus making the problem nonlinear. Buckling problems are also nonlinear.
    • Nonlinear Boundary or Initial Conditions
    Problems involving contact mechanics normally include a boundary condition
    that depends on the deformation thereby producing a nonlinear formulation.
    Thermal problems involving melting or freezing (phase change) also include
    such nonlinear boundary conditions.
    Features of Nonlinear FEA Problems
    • While Linear Problems Always Have a Unique Solution,
    Nonlinear Problems May Not
    • Iterative/Incremental Solution Methods Commonly Used
    on Nonlinear Problems May Not Always Converge or
    They May Converge To The Wrong Solution
    • The Solution To Nonlinear Problems May Be Sensitive
    To Initial and/or Boundary Conditions
    • In General Superposition and Scalability Will Not Apply
    To Nonlinear Problems
    Example Nonlinear Problems
    Material Nonlinearity
    s s

    e e
    Nonlinear Stress-Strain Behavior Elastic/Plastic Stress-Strain Behavior

    du ui W uj du j
    Pi   AE i Pj   AE
    dx (i) L (j) dx

    This behavior leads to an FEA formulation with a


    stiffness response that depends on the deformation

    [ K (u )]{d }  {F }
    Example Nonlinear Problems
    Large Deformation
    Simple Truss

    Under Large Deformation Truss Has


    Undeformed Configuration a Different Geometry Thus Implying
    a New Stiffness Response

    Large Deflection Beam Bending Finite Deformation Lagrangian


    Strain-Displacement Law
    d   du 1  dw   
    2

      EA      q  0
    u 1  u 
    2
    dx   dx 2  dx   
    Ex    
    d2  d 2 w  d  dw  du 1  dw   
    2 x 2  x 
     EI 2    EA       f  0
    dx 2  dx  dx  dx  dx 2  dx   

    [ K (u )]{d }  {F }
    Example Nonlinear Problems
    Contact Boundary Conditions

    pc
    w

    No Contact Initial Contact Evolving Contact


    No Contact Force Leads to New Boundary Condition
    Boundary Condition Changing With
    With Contact Force Deformation; i.e.
    w and pc Depend on
    Deformation and Load
    [ K (u )]{d }  {F (u )}
    Nonlinear FEA Example
    Temperature Dependent Conductivity
    dT
    Fourier Conduction Law q  k (T )
    dx
    [ K (T )]{T }  {F (T )}

    [ K (T )]   k (T )[ B]T [ B]dx
    W
    h
    dT
    {F (T )}   [] Qdx  [] k (T )
    T T
    W dx 0

    Hence Nonlinearity in Both Stiffness


    Matrix and Loading Vector
    Solution Techniques for Nonlinear Problems
    [ K (u )]{d }  {F }

    Since Direct Inversion of the Stiffness


    Matrix Is Impossible, Other Methods Must
    Be Used To Solve Nonlinear Problems

    • Incremental or Stepwise Procedures


    • Iterative or Newton Methods
    • Mixed Step-Iterative Techniques
    Direct Iteration Method
    Method is based on making successive approximations to
    solution using the previous value of u to determine K(u)

    {u r 1}  [ K (u r )]1{F }

    Ku Ku

    F F
    Solution To Solution To
    K(u)u=F K(u)u=F

    u0 u1 u2 u2 u0 u1 u3
    u u
    Convex Ku-u Relation - Convergence Concave Ku-u Relation - Divergence

    Therefore nonlinear solution methods may result in no converged solution

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