Internet of Things:

Technology
Building Blocks
Applications and
Challenges
Ramanamurthy S V
Pragati Engineering College
India

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 Name: S V Ramanamurthy, SM-IEEE
[email protected], 9885970645
B.Tech. (ECE) 1971-76, College of
Engineering, Kakinada
M.Tech. (CS) 1976-1978, IIT, Bombay
32 years Industry Experience
5+ years Academic Experience
Areas of Research: Cloud Computing,
Cyber Intelligence, IoT, BigData

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Outline
What’s Internet
of Things (IoT)

Applications

Building Blocks
of IoT

Architecture

Challenges

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 Internet

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 Internet of Things

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 What is IoT

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 Sensor Devices

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 AutoBot

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 AutoBot

 Plugs into cigarette lighter or OBD II

port
 Diagnostics service for cars
 Alerts relatives in case of an accident
 Discovery service of car position
 Integrated with several web services

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 What is IoT?

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 What is IoT?

Is it the Sensors?
Is it the Data from the Sensors?
Is it the Cloud, where the Data is stored?
Is it the analysis of the data?
It is all of the above for the benefit of the
society
Prevention is the keyword with IoT

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 What is IoT?

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 Internet connected things

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 CISCO'S PREVISION
In 2008 the number of things
connected to the Internet was
greater than the people living on
Earth.

By 2020 the number of things

connected to the Internet will be
about 50 billion.
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 IoT application domains

Farming Livestock farming Fish farming Home Automation

Storage and logistic

Mobile health Fresh water

And Many
More
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Smart Home

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Smart Cars

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E-Healthcare

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 Smart Farms

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 Cattle Health
Monitoring

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 Fish Farming

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 Fish Farming - Sensors

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 Smart Car

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 Smart City

• Smart City planning includes town management and health services

Offering personalized and context aware services, considering the data
from energy-consumption of each of the house, weather, wearable, etc.
IoT Building Blocks

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IoT Building Blocks

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 Devices

 Sensor
 Processor
 Connectivity (Transmitters and receivers)
 Storage (Memory)

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Sensors

 Measures Values

 Send Raw data

 Low power

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 Processors

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 Local Processing and storage

 Get data from Sensors

 Process

 Send some data to Cloud computing

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 Network and Internet

IoT Gateway gathers data from sensors

Protocols
CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol )
MQTT (MQ Telemetry Trasport)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol )
XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol )

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 Cloud Processing and Storage

Data Harvesting

Data Storage

Data Analysis

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 Key requirements of IoT-Big data
platform
Security and
privacy

Intelligent and
Scalable dynamic

Distributed and
Real-time decentralized

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 Architecture of IoT big data platform
App. App.

Query

Storage KaaS
Global Cloud
Data Data

Security Security
GW Knowledge GW

Query Query

Local Cloud Local Cloud

Storage Storage
Data Data

Sensors Sensors
/IoT Devices /IoT Devices

The goal is to combine ubiquitous and heterogeneous sensing, smart objects,

semantic, big data and cloud computing technologies in a platform enabling the
Internet of Things process consisting of continuous iterations on data ingestion,
data storage, analytics, knowledge generation and knowledge sharing phases,
as foundation for cross-border information service provision.

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Hardware

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Hardware
Good for Sensors Good for Sensors and processing

Good for processing and Network

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Software

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Software - Prototyping

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Software – Professional Programing

Data Acquisition and Analysis

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Architecture
Architecture

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Architecture

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 One more
Application
Movement Based Street Lighting System

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 Major Challenges - Technical
 Big Data Explosion
 Countless components
 Security & Privacy
 Advanced Internet Protocol
 Power efficiency
 Standards

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 Standards
Infrastructure (ex: 6LowPAN, IPv4/IPv6, RPL)
Identification (ex: EPC, uCode, IPv6, URIs)
Comms / Transport (ex: Wifi, Bluetooth, LPWAN)
Discovery (ex: Physical Web, mDNS, DNS-SD)
Data Protocols (ex: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, Websocket,
Node)
Device Management (ex: TR-069, OMA-DM)
Semantic (ex: JSON-LD, Web Thing Model)
Multi-layer Frameworks (ex: Alljoyn, IoTivity, Weave,
Homekit)

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 Major Challenges - Administration

 Maintenance / repair / Replacement of

sensors
 Continuous upgrade
 Requirement Changes
 Conflicting Requirements
 Administration Framework

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 Major Challenges - Legal

 Driverless cars – Accident - Whose Fault

 Equipment Failure – Catastrophes – Man made
 Security & Privacy
 Data Analysis Algorithms – Who will approve
 Whose Data

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 Major Challenges - Social

 Level of automation acceptable in the society

 Misuse
 Decision making problems
 Whose Data
 Security & Privacy

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Future Scenario

Smart
Smart Factory
Cities
Smart
Grid/Smart
Energy
Smart
Home

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Some Important Links

Google’s ongoing IoT Projects

 Google Glass : Wearable computer
 Waze : An intelligent GPS navigation
 IEEE World Forum and traffic management tool
http://sites.ieee.org/wf-iot/  Nest : Smart Thermostat and Smoke
 Cisco World Forum alarm
http://blogs.cisco.com/ioe/  Open Automotive Alliance(OAA) :
 http://internetofthings.electronicsforu.com An android operating system for
automobiles
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 The future of IoT
• World sensor networks
• Home automation and domotics
• Daily life (traffic monitoring,
shopping, etc.)
• Tracking and shipping of goods
• Health
• Unpredictable developments...

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 IoT roadmap

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 Some Interesting updates

 The term “Internet of Things” was added in oxford dictionary in

August, 2013.
• the term has been defined as :
• “A proposed development of the internet in which everyday objects
have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.”
 National Intelligence Council(NIC) U.S. listed IoT in the six
technologies with potential impacts on U.S. interests out to 2025.
 “Shodan”, World’s first search engine that finds connected ‘Things’.
• For more : www.shodanhq.com
 IoT 2014, 4th international conference on internet of things, was held
on October,2014 at Cambridge, MA.

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 References
• Kevin Ashton: That 'Internet of Things' Thing. In: RFID
Journal, 22. Juli 2009. Abgerufen am 8. April 2011
• Cisco: Over 50 billions of devices connected to Internet
http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-internet-of-things-
infographic/
• Vlad Trifa: HomeWeb and Android at Home –
challenges?
http://www.webofthings.com/2011/06/10/homeweb-and-
android-at-home-challenges/
• IoT - Visit the future:
http://www.iot-visitthefuture.eu/index.php?id=108

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 References
• Google Favorite Places:
http://www.google.com/help/maps/favoriteplaces/bus
iness/barcode.html
• Jawbone UP: http://jawbone.com/up/preview
• AutoBot: http://mavizontech.com/MeetMavia.htm
• IoT for Shipping: http://www.iot-
visitthefuture.eu/?id=113
• Social Web of Things:
http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/idea/110217
_social_network_for_you_1968920151_c

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 References
• FreeDom - Open Source Home Automation:
http://freedom.disi.unitn.it/
• ZigBee Alliance: http://www.zigbee.org/
• Web of Things: http://www.webofthings.com/
• http://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-
protocols/

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 Summary
Application
Areas

Smart Smart Smart Industrial

Smart Cities E-Health Retail Logistics
Environment Energy Agriculture Control

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 Sense of Connectedness
“Nothing ever exists entirely alone; everything
is in relation to everything else”- Buddha

One more from Advaita Philosophy; it’s also called

non-duality…
It says …
"the sense that all things are interconnected
and not separate, while at the same time all
things retain their individuality".

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 Thanks for your attention

Questions?

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 Thank You

Thank You
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