1. The document explains the structure, operation, and speed control methods of DC motors through examples of solved problems.
2. DC motors convert direct current into mechanical power using a constant magnetic field and a variable electromagnetic field generated by current in the armature.
3. Speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage, magnetic flux, or adding external resistance to the armature circuit.
1. The document explains the structure, operation, and speed control methods of DC motors through examples of solved problems.
2. DC motors convert direct current into mechanical power using a constant magnetic field and a variable electromagnetic field generated by current in the armature.
3. Speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage, magnetic flux, or adding external resistance to the armature circuit.
1. The document explains the structure, operation, and speed control methods of DC motors through examples of solved problems.
2. DC motors convert direct current into mechanical power using a constant magnetic field and a variable electromagnetic field generated by current in the armature.
3. Speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage, magnetic flux, or adding external resistance to the armature circuit.
1. The document explains the structure, operation, and speed control methods of DC motors through examples of solved problems.
2. DC motors convert direct current into mechanical power using a constant magnetic field and a variable electromagnetic field generated by current in the armature.
3. Speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage, magnetic flux, or adding external resistance to the armature circuit.
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DC Motor
Explain & solved problems
Presented to : DR. Mostafa Hassan
Made by
Mahmoud Atef Elsayed Amin Sec: 10
Mohamed Essam Abdelmoniem Sec: 9 Mohamed Emad Mohamed Fathy Sec: 9 What is DC Motor?! electrical machine that converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power structure of DC Motor *Field “ constant , variable”
Constant magnetic field Variable electromagnetic field
structure of DC Motor *Armature Simple DC Motor shape Operation of DC Motor *Field properties 1.Flux ”field” not intersect 2. Flux passes with the shortest path “ so make power to do that”
N S Operation of DC Motor * Torque in DC motor torque α I Armature Torque α φ torque α φ I Armature So : equation of torque = KφI Where k: constant , φ: magnetic field , I : armature current Operation of DC Motor EMF back: the voltage generated during motor spins because of armature circuit intersect magnetic field , & its direct is reverse armature current direct Eb α φ Eb α n Eb α φn So: equation of EMF back = K φ n Where k: constant , φ : magnetic field , n: speed of intersect Equivalent circuits for DC Motor Field circuit Armature circuit If = Vf /(Rf +Rf control ) Eb = Va – Ia (Ra + Radd ) Methods of speed control
T= k Φia Eb = Va – Ia (Ra + Radd ) = K Φ N N= (V/KΦ)- Ia (R/KΦ) When T=0 >>>>>> N= V/KΦ
When N=0>>>>>>> T=KΦV/Ra
Load torque
*Torque constant * Torque α (1/n) *Torque α 𝑛2
Torque of DC & Torque load
1- Starting toque >> n=0
>> T= 9.54KφVa / Ra >> Tload : constant 2- when motor is spinning and speed is increasing >>TDC decreasing >> speed “n” increasing >> Tload constant 3- operating point where Tload equal Tdc >>n equal operating speed and it continuous with this speed What happens if ?!
Torque load increased
>> operating speed decreases & continue with new speed “ n1 > n2” Speed control
TDC = 9.54 KφVa / Ra
𝑉𝑎 −𝐼𝑎(𝑅𝑎+𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑑) N= Eb / (Kφ ) = 𝐾∅ Methods to solve problem
φ2 First step φ1 *If he said that If changed “φ2/φ1 = If2 /If1 “ *If the field has reduced by 20% “φ2/φ1 = 0.8 “ *If the field has increased by 20% “φ2/φ1 =1.2 “ *if the field has reduced to 20% “φ2/φ1 = 0.2 “ *if he didn’t say any thing about field “φ2/φ1 = 1 “ Methods to solve problems
Second step “T2 / T1 “
*if he said that Tload constant “ T2 / T1 = 1 “ so“φ2 Ia2 /φ1 Ia1 =1 “ 𝑛22 𝑛22 *if he said that Tload α 𝑛2 “T2 / T1 = 2 “ so “φ2 Ia2 /φ1 Ia1 = 2 “ 𝑛1 𝑛1 *if he said that Tload α (1/n) “T2 / T1 = n2 / n1 “ so “φ2 Ia2 /φ1 Ia1 = n2 / n1 “ *if torque has reduced by 20% “T2 / T1 = 0.8 “ so “φ2 Ia2 /φ1 Ia1 = 0.8 “ *if has reduced to 20% “T2 / T1 = 0.2 “ so “φ2 Ia2 /φ1 Ia1 = 0.2 “ *if he didn’t say any thing “ cancel this step “ Methods to solve problems
Third step use this equation to find n2 𝐸2 𝑣2 −I𝑎2 (𝑅𝑎+𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑑) φ2 𝑁2 = = 𝐸1 𝑣1 −𝐼𝑎1(𝑅𝑎) φ1𝑁1 Problems Example 1 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , Rf =200 Ω and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A , and drives a constant load Torque and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m . * If the Speed is controlled by reducing the voltage to 100 v , Find The New Speed
Example 2 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , Rf=200 Ω and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A , and drives a constant load Torque and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m *If the speed is controlled by reducing the flux By 40 % . Find the new speed. problems Example 3 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , Rf=200 Ω and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A and drives a constant load Torque and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m . * If the Speed is controlled by Adding an external Resistance to Armature circle Ra = 10 Ω, Find The New Speed.
Example 4 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 150 v , Ra = 1Ω , and Draw an arm Current Ia = 9 A and runs at n = 1200 r.p.m . * If the Speed is controlled by Adding an external Resistance to Armature circle Ra = 5 Ω .Field reduced by 10 % and Torque load Decreased by 20% , Find The New Speed and The New Current . problems Example 5 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 600 v , Ra = 2Ω , and Draw an arm Current Ia = 5 A and runs at n = 1878 r.p.m and Tload Constant . Find :- 1- E = ?? 2- K Φ = ?? 3- Rated Torque (Full load torque ). 4- Draw Torque Speed C/C. 5- Starting Torque. 6- No Load Speed problems Example 6 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m and Tload Constant Find :- 1- E = ?? 2- K Φ = ?? 3- Rated Torque (Full load torque ). 4- Draw Torque Speed C/C. 5- Starting Torque. 6- No Load Speed. problems
Example 7 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m and Tload Constant *If The Speed is controlled by Reducing armature Voltage Vt2 = 100 . Find 1- E = ?? 2- K Φ = ?? 3- Rated Torque (Full load torque ). 4- Draw Torque Speed C/C. 5- Starting Torque. 6- No Load Speed problems Example 8 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m and Tload Constant *If the Speed is controlled by Adding an external Resistance to Armature circle Ra = 10 Ω Find New Speed , Tstart , no load speed Draw T, n C/C .
Example 9 :- Dc Sep Excited Motor Vt = 200 v , Ra = 0.1Ω , and Draw an arm Current Ia = 10 A and runs at n = 1000 r.p.m and Tload Constant *If the Speed is controlled by Reducing the flux by 40 % . Find New Speed , Tstart , no load speed Draw T, n C/C .
