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BEE2113 Chapter 2

This document discusses the topics of diodes and diode circuits that will be covered in an Electronic Principles course. It includes sections on diode characteristics and modeling, diode circuit analysis techniques, and common diode applications such as rectifiers, clipping circuits, and clamping circuits. Zener diodes are also introduced and their uses as voltage regulators and clippers are described. The document provides an overview of the course content through explanatory text and example circuit diagrams.

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154 views23 pages

BEE2113 Chapter 2

This document discusses the topics of diodes and diode circuits that will be covered in an Electronic Principles course. It includes sections on diode characteristics and modeling, diode circuit analysis techniques, and common diode applications such as rectifiers, clipping circuits, and clamping circuits. Zener diodes are also introduced and their uses as voltage regulators and clippers are described. The document provides an overview of the course content through explanatory text and example circuit diagrams.

Uploaded by

WatashiNo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRONIC

PRINCIPLES
(BEE 2113)
Section 3
By:
DR. NAFARIZAL BIN NAYAN
Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


2. DIODE CIRCUITS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Diode characteristic

Diode circuit analysis

Diode applications
Half-wave rectifier
Full-wave rectifier
Clipping circuit
Clamping circuit

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Diode characteristic

From Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL),


Vss  I D R  VD

Plot this equation to ID-VD graph

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Diode characteristic and load line

Vss  I D R  VD If ID=0, VD=Vss


If VD=0, ID=Vss/R

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Diode circuit analysis

Tutorial:

Example 2.1-2.4

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Diode approximation

(+) (-)

Forward biased Reverse biased

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Offset voltage for diode

Silicon Ideal

id id

vd vd
0.7 0

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Diode applications

Half-wave rectifier
Full-wave rectifier
Clipping circuit
Clamping circuit

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Half-wave rectifier
Forward biased
Reverse biased

Average value:
VP
V AVG 

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Full-wave rectifier

Positive half-cycle

Negative half-cycle
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM
Full-wave rectifier

One can also construct


a full-wave rectifier circuit
using four diodes.
→ Bridge rectifier circuit

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Clipping circuit

Clippers are networks that employs diodes to


“clip” away a portion of an input signal without
distorting the remaining part of the applied
waveform.

Two general categories:


Series
Parallel

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Series

Parallel

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Biased Clipper circuit

RL

Step 1 Determine the transition voltage


Step 2 Determine forward & reverse biased

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Clamping circuit

A clamper is a network constructed of a diode, a


resistor, and a capacitor that shifts a waveform to
a different dc level without changing the
appearance of the applied signal.

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Examples:

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Zener diode

A zener diode is a p-n junction device which is


designed for a specific reverse breakdown voltage.

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Zener effect:
High reverse voltages can provide electrons enough
energy to “jump” from valence band to conduction
band, thus creating free electrons. Hence, the diode
conducts a high current under reverse bias.

Energy band in Silicon Atom

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Avalanche effect:
Minority carriers in the depletion region are strongly
accelerated by the electric field, thus creating
electron-hole pairs by impact ionization. The
increase of free carriers increases the current, which
provides more carriers to create impact ionization

Depletion
region

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Application of Zener Diode

•Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator for


providing stable constant reference voltages

•Zener diode can be used as a clipper

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


RULES OF THE GAME

 Each group is given to ask 10 questions.


 1 minute is given for another group to answer.
 if a group answer the question correctly, one
point will be given to the group.
 if no group answer the question, the group
who asked the question need to give the answer
and will get one point.
 if the question is too difficult, the group will
get a penalty minus one point!!

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Application of Zener Diode (continue…)

•Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator for


providing stable constant reference voltages

Zener diode 1N4740A


Izk=0.25 mA
Izm=1W/10V=100mA
**Zener impedance is neglected

Maximum and minimum input voltage?

To maintain an approximate 10V output.

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM


Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UTHM

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