Introduction to Information

System Development
 ISthat uses computer and comm tech to
perform tasks
 Basic component:
• Hardware
• Software
• Database
• Telecommunication
• Procedures
• People
 Physical component of comp system
 System unit and motherboards are used
to support and tie other components
together
 Consist of:
• Input device
 Capture and translate data into a form that can be
processed and used by other parts of computer
 Eg: keyboard,pointing device,bar code scanner
• Computer is composed of the CPU and internal
memory
 CPU is the chip that perform the instructions received
from software
 Internal memory/Random Access Memory is a
temporary memory that hold software instruction and
info for CPU
 To permanently store info and recall them, info need
to be store in secondary storage device/ext memory
• Output device
 Provide copies of data and info on paper, video
screen, etc
• Modems
 Input or output device that allow a computer to
transfer data between each other.
 Set of instruction
 Eg: computer code that hardware devices
carry out to process info
 Software is fundamental to computer
 Database software is a software that
allows you to arrange, modify and extract
data from a database to create info
 Telecommunication is a vital computer
based tool to help comm info to people
in other location
 Computer network through the use of
comm tech can share resources such as
storage database and processing power
 Can send and receive info through
network
 Integral part of IS
 Include mgt and end user
 Manager use info to make decision
 End user supply data to IS and receive
info from IS
A series of steps undertaken in a prescribed
manner to accomplish a certain job
 Human activities requiring people to interact
with other components of IS
 Can be written in form of manual or
documentation such as diagram
 When procedures are embodied in computer
program, they are considered part of IT
component
 System development lifecycle is a series
of recommended steps or phases
designed as guideline as to what you
should do and when you should do it
 Actual number of phases and the name
given to each phase is differ from one
organisation
 It is simplified by combining some of the
phases
 The phases have a defined product or
deliverables
 Deliverables can be used to monitor
productivity and quality of activities
performed
 Phases may have more than one
deliverable
 SDL use to organize activities needed to
build a system
 Assist mgt by providing reports on project
status and keeping track of resource need
 Consist of:
1. System planning
i. Prior to developing IS, long term and short term
planning must be done to prevent poor analysis
and design of new system
ii. Preliminary investigation is a brief study of the
problem.
iii. Output of this step is the project goal, scope and
boundary and the terms of reference of the
project
iv. May include any restrictions such as part of
existing system which cannot be changed, etc
v. Also include rough idea of resource requirement
of next phases
vi. The objective of IS project mgt is to deliver a
system that is acceptable to users and develop
within time and budget
vii. IS project mgt is the process of planning,
scheduling and controlling the activities during
the SDL
2. System analysis
i. Is the detail understanding of important
features of system under investigation
ii. Include finding out how the existing system
works, problems and the user requirement of
the new system
iii. Determining accurate user information needs
and system requirements is important
because the design of new system will be
based on these determined requirement
3. System design
i. Information need and system requirement in
system analysis are studied in more detail
ii. Can be divided into general and detail system
design
 At the end of general system design, we will know what
we need to develop and may include what software to
use
 Detail system design/physical system design is the ext
of general design.
 During this design, input, output, interface, database,
network, programme and control are defined and
documented
4. System construction and implementation
i. During system construction, the individual system
components are built
ii. New programs and changes to existing program
are written and tested
iii. During implementation, the component built
during construction are put into operational use
iv. After the new system is completed and working,
post implementation review is performed to
evaluate the new system and suggest minor
changes to be made
5. System maintenance
i. To eliminate errors in the system
ii. Implies that there is continuous improvement
of the new system implemented
 Structured Development
• Employs a variety of diagrams and documentations
for describing the requirement of IS
• Eg: DFD, ERD and structured diagram
• Involve users in developing the IS
• User need to participate in the analysis and design
process as they are the people who use the system
• Emphasis on logical system design
• Major critics: takes too long and require too much
documentations
 Object-Oriented Development
• System developer first define the object needed
in the new or revised IS
• If object already exist, they are reused. If not they
will select an existing object that is closed to the
one needed and then modify the existing object
as necessary
• Unified Modeling Language (UML) is an object
oriented programming language use to describe
IS
 End user
• People who directly interact with IS
• Supply data to IS and receive info from IS
 Business analyst
• Analyses the business aspects and issues
surrounding the IS identifying how they will provide
business value in creating, developing and
designing new procedure and policies together with
the system analyst
• Will have business exp and some type of
professional training
 System analyst
• Focuses in IS issue surrounding the system by
identifying how IT can improve business processes,
design the IS and the new business processes and
ensure compliance with std
• Responsible for planning, undertaking and
coordinating overall dev activities
• Likely to have significant training in analysis and
design, programming and even areas of business
 Infrastructure analyst
• Identify and implement infrastructure changes
on technical issues involve in how the system
will interact with the org’s infrastructure – Eg:
hardware, software, database, network
• Likely has significant training and exp in
database administration, networking and etc
 Change management analyst
• Focuses on people and mgt issues surrounding the IS
installation
• The roles include ensuring that adequate
documentation and support is available to user,
provide user training on the new system and
developing strategies to overcome resistance to
change
• Likely have significant training and exp in
organizational behavior in general and change mgt
in particular
 Project manager
• Oversees the system dev project from beginning
to end, manages the project team, dev and
monitors project plan, assign resources and act
as primary point of contract for the entire
systems project
• Likely have exp in project mgt and likely has
work for many years as system analyst