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Engineering Dynamics Lec 12

The document discusses linear impulse and momentum, defining linear momentum as the product of mass and velocity. It explains that the resultant of all forces acting on a particle equals its time rate of change of linear momentum. Several sample problems are also presented to demonstrate how to apply the linear impulse-momentum principle to solve mechanics problems.

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Mahtab Ilyas
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171 views12 pages

Engineering Dynamics Lec 12

The document discusses linear impulse and momentum, defining linear momentum as the product of mass and velocity. It explains that the resultant of all forces acting on a particle equals its time rate of change of linear momentum. Several sample problems are also presented to demonstrate how to apply the linear impulse-momentum principle to solve mechanics problems.

Uploaded by

Mahtab Ilyas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING DYNAMICS

LECTURE 12

Ayaz Mahmood Khan


LINEAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
 Consider general curvilinear motion in space of a
particle of mass m, where the particle is located by its
position vector r measured from a fixed origin O.
 The velocity of the particle is v
and is tangent to its path.
 The resultant ΣF of all forces on m is
in the direction of its acceleration .
LINEAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
 The product of the mass and velocity is defined as the
linear momentum G =mv of the particle.
 The resultant of all forces acting on a particle equals its
time rate of change of linear momentum.
Vector Equation

 In SI the units of linear momentum are kg.m/s = N.s


 In U.S. customary units, the units of linear momentum are
[lb/(ft/sec2)][ft/sec] = lb-sec.
LINEAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
 In addition to the equality of the magnitudes of ΣF
and Σ , the direction of the resultant force coincides
with the direction of the rate of change in linear
momentum, which is the direction of the rate of
change in velocity.
 The three scalar components of this equation are as
THE LINEAR IMPULSE-MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE
 Multiplying by dt and integrating between t1 and t2
gives :

 The product of force and time is defined as the linear impulse


of the force and above equation states that the total linear
impulse on m equals the corresponding change in linear
momentum of m. The above equation can also be written as :
the initial linear momentum of the
body plus the linear impulse applied
to it equals its final linear momentum
THE LINEAR IMPULSE-MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE
 For the equation presented in the previous slide it is
necessary to express ΣF and G in component form and
then combine the integrated components. The
components are as under :

These three scalar impulse-


momentum equations are
completely independent
Impulse Momentum Diagram
 The 3 diagrams of the body are shown which form a clear one
to one correspondence between diagram and equation terms
 The center diagram is very much like a free-body diagram,
except that the impulses of the forces appear rather than the
forces themselves. External linear impulse Final momentum

Initial momentum
Conservation of Linear Momentum
 If the resultant force on a particle is zero during an
interval of time, it implies that its linear momentum
G remain constant.
 In this case, the linear momentum of the particle is
said to be conserved.
Sample Problem 3/19 and 3/21
 HW
Sample Problem 3/20
 A 2-lb particle moves in the vertical y-z plane (z up, y horizontal)
under the action of its weight and a force F which varies with time.
The linear momentum of the particle in pound-seconds is given by
the expression G=1.5(t2+3)j –(2/3)(t3-4)k, where t is the time in
seconds. Determine F and its magnitude for the instant when t = 2
sec.
Sample Problem 3/22
 The loaded 150-kg skip is rolling down
the incline at 4 m/s when a force P is applied
to the cable as shown at time t=0.The force P is
increased uniformly with the time until it reaches
600 N at t = 4 s, after which time it remains
constant at this value.

 Calculate (a) the time at which the skip reverses


its direction and (b) the velocity v of the skip at t = 8 s. Treat the skip as a
particle.
Sample Problem 3/23
 The 50g bullet travelling at 600m/s strikes the 4kg block
centrally and is embedded within it. If the block slides on
a smooth horizontal plane with a velocity of 12 m/s in the
direction shown prior to impact, determine the velocity v2
of the block and embedded bullet immediately after
impact

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