Biarritz - resort city of French Riviera.

Rizal was a guest of the rich Boustead family

at its winter residence Villa Eliada.
It was in Biarritz where Rizal had a serious
romance with Nellie and finished the last
chapter of his second novel, El Filibusterismo.

Reasons why Rizals romance with Nellie failed:

Rizal refused to give up his Catholic faith and
be converted to Protestantism.
 Nellys mother did not like Rizal as a son-in-
law.

As being a Protestant . If Your Reverence

only knew what I had lost for not accepting
Protestantism, you would not say such a
thing. Had I not always respected the
religious idea, had I held religion as a matter
of convenience or an art getting along in this
life, instead of being a poor exile, I would
now be a rich man, free, and covered with
honors,
Rizal letter to Fr. Pastell
 Nellys mother, like the mother of Leonor
Rivera, had no wish to entrust her daughters
happiness to a man who was poor in material
things, a physician without a paying clientele,
a writer who earned nothing from his pen,
and a reformer who was persecuted by the
friars and government officials in his own
country.
Gregorio Zaide

El Filibusterismo Finish in Biaritz

March 29, 1891 Rizal finished the
manuscript of El Filibusteismo.
Retirement from the Propaganda Movement

May I, 1891 Rizal notified Deodato Arellano

to cancel his monthly allowance and devote
the money to some better cause.

Rizal Stopped Writing for La Solidaridad

August 18, 1891 Marcelo H. Del Pilar wrote
to Rizal begging forgiveness and requesting
him to resume writing for the La Solidaridad.
 if you have any resentment , I beg you to put
it aside ; if you consider me at fault, and this
fault is pardonable, forgive me . We would
much like that you resume writing for it; not
only would we strengthen La Solidaridad but
we would defeat the friar intrigue in the
Philippines.
 If I stopped writing for La Solidaridad, it
was because of several reasons: I need time
to work on my book; second, I wanted other
Filipinos work also; third, I considered unity
in the work; and you are already at the top
and I also have my own ideas, it better to
leave you alone to direct the policy such as
you understand it and I do not meddle in it.
 Ghent a famous university city in Belgium.

Rizals reasons for moving to Ghent:

The cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper
than in Brussels.
To escape from the enticing attraction of
Petite Suzanne.
El Filibusterismo (The Rebel)
o Dedicated to the three martyr priests.
El Filibusterismo (The
Rebel)
o Dedicated to the three
martyr priests

o Fr. Mariano Gomez

o Jose Burgos
o Jacinto Zamora

o February 17, 1872

execution by means of
garote of the 3 martyr
priests.
 F. MEYER VAN LOO PRESS, No.66 Viaanderen
Street- publisher of the El Filibusterismo.
Valentine Ventura saviour of the El
Filibusterismo.
September 18, 1891 El Filibusterismo came
of the press.
To the memory of the priests, Don Mariano Gomez
(85 years old), Don Jose Burgos (30 years old), and
Don Jacinto Zamora (35 years old). Executed in
Bagumbayan Field on the 28th of February, 1872.
I have the right to dedicate my work to you as
victims of the evil which I undertake to combat.
And while we wait expectantly upon Spain some
day to restore your good name and cease to be
answerable for your death, let these pages serve as
a tardy wreath of dried leaves over your unknown
tombs, and let it be understood that every one who
without clear proofs attacks your memory stains
his hands in your blood!
 Is a romantic novel; Is a political novel;
It is a work of the It is a work of the
heart- a book of head a book of
feeling; the thought;
It has freshness, It contains
color, humor, bitterness, hatred,
lightness, and wit.
pain, violence, and
It contains 64
sorrow.
chapters.
It contains 38
chapters.
Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo
Rizals other novels

Unfinished and untitled third novel. Contains

44 pages.
Makamisa - unfinished fourth novel. It
consists of 20 pages.
Dapitan unfinished fifth novel. The
manuscript consists of 8 pages.
A novel in Spanish about the life of Pili, a
town in Laguna consists of 147 pages.
 Another unfinished novel without title is
about Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student
who has returned from Europe. It consists of
34 pages.
Another novel are contained in two
notebooks the first notebook contains 31
pages, and the second notebook consists of
12 written pages.
 October 18, 1891 Rizal left Europe for Hong
Kong.

Rizals reasons for leaving Europe

Life was unbearable in Europe because of his
political differences with M.H. del Pilar and
other Filipinos in Spain.
To be near his country and family.
 Rizal being
comfortable and safe
in Hong Kong, had
abandoned the
countrys cause.

Rizal was a coward,

egoistic,
opportunistic a
patriot in words only.

EDUARDO DE LETE
 May 1892 Rizal decided to return to Manila.

Reasons for his decision to return home:

To confer to Governor Despujol regarding his
Borneo colonization project.
To establish the La Liga Filipina
To prove that Eduardo De Lete was wrong.

June 20, 1892 Rizal wrote to sealed letters

with his inscription to be opened after my
death and gave them to Dr. Marques for
safekeeping.
 Rizals first letter was addressed TO MY
PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS

A man ought to die for duty and his principles.

I hold fast to every idea which I have advanced
as to the condition and future of our country,
and shall willingly die for it, and even more
willingly sacrifice all to secure justice and
peace for you.
 Rizals second letter was addressed TO THE
FILIPINOS

I cannot live on seeing so many suffer unjust

persecution on my account; I cannot bear the
sight of my sisters and their numerous
families treated like criminals. I prefer death
and cheerfully shall relinquish life to free so
many innocent persons from such unjust
persecution.
 Always have I loved our unhappy land, and I
am sure that I shall continue loving it till my
last moment, in case men prove unjust to me.
My career, my life, my happiness all I have
sacrificed for love of it. Whatever my fate I
shall die blessing it and longing for the dawn
of its redemption.

June 21, 1892 Rizal and his sister Lucia left

Hong Kong for Manila.
 Rizal realized that the fight for Filipino
liberties had assumed a new face; it must be
fought in the Philippines not in Spain.

The battlefield is in the Philippines. There we

will help one another, there together we will
suffer or triumph perhaps.
(Rizals Correspondence with Fellow
Reformers)
 July 3, 1892 Rizal founded the civic society La
Liga Filipina

Aims of the La Liga Filipina

1. To unite the whole archipelago into one
compact and homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and
commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
 July 7, 1892 Rizal arrested and deported to
Dapitan, Mindanao.

Reasons for Rizals deportation

Rizal had published books and articles
abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain and
which were frankly anti-Catholic and
imprudently anti-friar.
Incriminatory leaflets found in Lucias pillow
cases entitled Pobres Frailes which was
published against the customs of the
religious orders.
3. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to
the memory of the three traitors.
4. The end which he pursues in his efforts and
writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino
breasts the treasures of our holy Catholic
faith.

Exile in Dapitan, 1892-96