Hoch Lesson 2

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14. The Egyptian Noun: A Preliminary View
The Egyptian noun has two genders, masculine and feminine.
The masculine is not marked by any special features.
The feminine is virtually always marked with the ending t.
Most, but not all geographical terms are also feminine.
Names of females do not have to have a '-t' ending and very often don't.

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15. The Egyptian Sentence, Verbal

A verbal sentence is one which contains the conjugated

verb form; the verb is used as a verb and is coupled with a
subject.
e.g. The man liked the dog.

"What a great day today!" is an example of a

non-verbal sentence.

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16. Statements of Fact: Main and Subordinate Clauses

In statements of fact, the absence of (iw) normally

indicates that the clause is a subordinate clause.
(iw) introduces the main clause of a sentence.
The use of the particle (iw) is to consider it as a
converting particle that converts subordinate clauses to
main clauses.

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17. The Particle mk

'iw' implies that the statement is undoubtedly true.

'm.k' is an invitations for the reader's confirmation, e.g..:

you can look it up for yourself that..., or that old standby
of math professors: as you can easily see...

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18. The Egyptian Sentence: Verbal and Non-verbal

There are two main types of sentence in Egyptian verbal

and non-verbal.

Egyptian verbs are regularly used with a function

equivalent to that of the verb in modern language, but the
way they function according to the rules and categories of
Egyptian grammar is as nouns.

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Vocabulary

Horizon

ttttttt
AXt
Noun (feminine)
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 river; the Nile
Statement of Fact

itrw
Noun Plural
(masculine )

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to shine (sun)

wbn
Verb
Strong
9
heaven(s),
sky

pt
Noun
(feminine)
10
 Behold,
look, see

mk
Partical
11
town
niwt
Noun
(feminine)

12
to depart
(a place)

rwi
weak verb

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child

Xrd
Noun
(masculine)
14
Woman

st
Noun
(feminine)
15
Plan,idea,
advice
sxr
Noun
(masculine)
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 to hear,
listen
sDm
verb
(strong)
17
boat

dpt
Noun
(feminine)
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Hoch Lesson 2
Exercise 2b

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Q1

iw Dd sS pn n st tn
Fact speak scribe this to woman this

P V S O A
iw Dd sS pn n st tn
Fact, this scribe speaks to this woman
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Q2

iw ky m pr Hna st
Fact another man in house with woman

P V S O A
iw ky m pr Hna st
Fact, there is another man in the house with the woman
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Q3

m.k sDm sS sxr pn

behold listen scribe plan this

P V S O A
m.k sDm sS Sxr pn
see, the scribe is listening to this plan
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Q4

iw rwi s pn r niwt tn
Fact depart man this fromtown this

P V S O A
iw rwi s pn r niwt tn

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Q5

m.k ra m pt

behold Ra in sky

P V S O A
m.k ra m pt

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Q6

iw Dd sAt xt tn n sA.i
Fact speak daughter thing this to my son

P V S O A
iw Dd sAt xt tn n sA.i
The daughter talks about this thing to my son
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Q7

m.k dpt Hr mw wbn ra m Axt

behold boat upon water shines Ra in horizon

P V S O A
m.k dpt Hr mw wbn ra m Axt
behold, the boat upon the water as the sun shines in the horizon
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Q8

iw dpt m itrw
Fact boat in river

P V S O A
iw dpt m itrw

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Q9

iw sDm s ky sxr m niwt

Fact hearing man another plan in town

P V S O A
iw sDm ky sxr m niwt

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Q10

iw rwi Xrd pr nb m niwt

Fact depart child house lord in town
P V S O A

iw rwi Xrd pr nb m niwt

The child leaves the house (when) the lord is in the town.
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 Consensus of answers
1. iw Dd sS pn n st tn=This scribe is talking to this woman.
2. iw ky m pr Hna st=Fact is, there's another man in the house together
with the woman.
3. m.k sDm sS sxr pn=See, the scribe hearing this plan.
4. iw rwi s pn r niwt tn=This man is departing for this town.
5. m.k ra m pt=See, Ra is in the sky.
6. iw Dd sAt xt tn n sA.i=The daughter said this to my son.
7. m.k dpt Hr mw wbn ra m pt=Look, a boat is on the water as the sun
shines on the horizon.
8. iw dpt m itrw=The boat is in the river
9. iw sDm s ky sxr m niwt=The man hears another plan in the town
10.iw rwi Xrd pr nb m niwt=The child leaves the house, the lord is in the
town.

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Hoch Lesson 2
Exercise 2c
Parsing

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Terms to use:

www.takenote.it/parsetree.php
http://

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Q1

n st tn
to woman this
P V S O A
iw Dd sS pn n st tn
Adverbial comment to a verbal statement of fact.
Prepositional phrase
Prep. n +noun f. sing st +f. sing. demonstrative adj. tn*
* See Hoch page 15 tn 33
Q2

Hna st
with woman
P V S O A
iw ky m pr Hna st

Adverbial comment Prepositional phrase

Prep. Hna +noun f. sing st
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Q3

sS
scribe
P V S O A
m.k sDm sS Sxr pn

Subject of verbal statement of fact

m. sing. noun sS
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Q4

rwi
depart
P V S O A
iw rwi s pn r niwt tn
rwi is the circumstantial verb* present, active,
used with m. sing. noun as the subject s pn
of the main clause in a verbal statement of fact
sentence.
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*Hoch page 22, 15. The Egyptian Sentence
Q6

xt tn
thing this
P V S O A
iw Dd sAt xt tn n sA.i
xt tn is the direct object*
in a verbal statement of fact.
noun f. sing xt +f. sing. demonstrative adj. tn
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*Hoch page 22, 15. The Egyptian Sentence
Q7

wbn
shines
P V S O A
m.k dpt Hr mw wbn ra m pt
wbn is the present tense, active verb
in the adverbial comment of a non-verbal statement of fact

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Q8

m itrw
in river
P V S O A
iw dpt m itrw
Adverbial comment Prepositional phrase
Prep. m +noun m. sing itrw

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Q10

nb m niwt
lord in town
P V S O A
iw rwi Xrd pr nb m niwt
Adverbial comment to a verbal statement of fact.
Prepositional phrase
m. noun sing. nb +prep. m +f. noun sing. niwt

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Hoch Lesson 2
Exercise 2d

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Q1d The child obeys the woman.

P V S O A
Fact obeys child woman

P V S O A
iw sDm Xrd st

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Q2d The man is in the boat (when) Re shines in the horizon.
Use as a model Q7
behold, the boat upon the water as the sun shines in the horizon

P V S O A
Fact man in boat, shines sun in horizon

P V S O A
iw s m dpt wbn ra m Axt

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Q3d This city listens (when) the lord speaks.

P V S O A
Fact listens this city speaks lord

P V S O A
iw sDm niwt tn Dd nb

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Q4d Look, the boat is on the ground.

P V S O A
behold boat upon ground
P V S O A
m.k dpt Hr tA

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Q5d The sun shines in the daytime.

P V S O A
fact shines Ra in daytime
P V S O A
iw wbn ra m hrw

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Q6d Another scribe hears this plan.

P V S O A
fact hear another scribe plan this
s
P V S O A
iw sDm ky sS sxr pn

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Q7d The house is in the city.

P V S O A
fact house in city
P V S O A
iw pr m niwt

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Q8d This woman listens to the scribe.

P V S O A
fact hears woman this to scribe
P V S O A
iw sDm st tn n sS

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Q9d See, a child is in the house with the woman.

P V S O A
behold child in house with woman
P V S O A
m.k Xrd m pr Hna st

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Q10d The horizon is in another land.

P V S O A
fact horizon in another land
P V S O A
iw Axt m ky tA

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