Group 1: Nurul Akmal - Najah - Noor Izzah - Halimatul Saadiah - Ros Nazira - Siti Rodhiah

GROUP 1
NURUL AKMAL
•
•NAJAH
•NOOR IZZAH
•HALIMATUL
SAADIAH
•ROS NAZIRA
•SITI RODHIAH
Stage of Child Development and
related theory
•Socio-emotional develop
•Implications in Teaching and Learning
•Ainsworth Attachment Theory (Bowlby’s

Research)
Social emotional processes
• Involves changes in an individual’s

relationships with other people, changes
in emotions, and changes in personality.
ex: an infant’s smile in response to her

mother’s touch.
Why is “Socio-Emotional Development”
Important?
•kids need access to people and situations
•To experience these concepts first-hand, children

need scenarios in which they can think about and
experiment with their own ways of dealing with everyday
life challenges.
Social-emotional
development –
Eriksson's theory
Erikson's Theory of Socioemotional Development
Stage Age Expected Resolution
Trust Child develops a belief that the environment can be

vs. Infancy counted on to meet his or her basic physiological
Mistrust and social needs
Autonomy Child learns what he/she can control and develops a

vs. sense of free will and corresponding sense of
Toddlerhood
Shame and regret and sorrow for inappropriate use of self-
Doubt control.
Initiative
Child learns to begin action, to explore, to imagine as
vs. Early Childhood
well as feeling remorse for actions
Guilt
Accomplishment/
Industry Middle Childhood/ Child learns to do things well or correctly in
vs. Elementary comparison to a standard or to others
Inferiority
Identity
Develops a sense of self in relationship to others and
vs. Adolescence
to own internal thoughts and desires
Role Confusion
Socio-
emotional
•Early
Prenatal •Infant
child Adolescence
• The babies will give a sign to the mothers
by giving a movement in their mothers’
Tummy.
• The phenomena when the mother having a
crave for some food, it is also a sign from
the baby for what they want.
• The baby try to communicate With his
parent by kicking The mothers’ tummy and
From the action will create a Beautiful
relationship between them.
INFANCY
STAGE 1
0- 2 YEARS
STAGE 1
0- 2 YEARS
AGE FEATURES
Babies can show a sign when feel

0- 30 days uncomfortable.
Babies feel safe when they are being
hugged and touch.
Give different reflection to the adult voice
1- 4 months intonation can play by their own.
Like to be hug, lullaby, smile when heard
soft voice or look at familiar faces.
Talk to the babies a lot.
Can make a differences between the
4- 8 months familiar faces and the others.
Give different reflection with the
people appearances.
Try to get attention with gesture
movement.
Show his frighten feeling to
8- 12 months unfamiliar faces.
Want their parents always be beside
them.
Scream and cries when their toys
are stolen.
Happy when involve in social
1 year activities.
Interested to do something new such
as wearing dress by himself.
STAGE 2
2- 4 YEARS
AGE FEATURES
Show empathy and love

2 years
Sometimes a lot of love to someone
by giving a hug or a kiss.
Impatient.
Interested to help people in house

work.
SOCIAL EMOTION DURING
CHILD
(3-6 years old)
Sometimes can wait for his turn.
3 years
Friendly, always laugh.
Observe other children play and will join

them in a short time.
Show their love to the younger children or

to the upset children.
STAGE 3
4- 6 YEARS
AGE FEATURES
Friendly, laugh and cry at different time.

4 years Feeling angry and upset when he is
being separated from the others.
Interpersonal skill increases such as co-
operate with the others and join the
group activities.
Able to eat and drink by themselves.

5 years Ask for others help in doing something.
At this stage, children like to watch
television and cartoons.
6 years At this stage, children are able to
know and understand the life
through their feelings.
Children are able to make

differences between the right and
wrong. They understand rules
and show his leadership to the
others.
Social emotion during
adolescences
( 10– 12 years old )
• Early adolescence is a time when
emotional height and low increase.
• It is important for adult to recognize that

moodiness is a normal aspect of early
adolescence.
IMPLICATION IN
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
• Understand and fulfill children's need.
- Children needs love, safety and being

appreciated
- Encourage and give chance to the children
make own decision.
- Encourage children more disciplined and
responsible.
- Encourage children to develop their
knowledge.
- Share experience with the children.
• Give chance and positive encouragement
- Give chance for children to explore their

surrounding
- Encourage children to develop their knowledge.
- Encourage children to be independent and
responsible
- Encourage children to play with others.
Ainsworth attachment theory
What is attachment?
• Attachment is an emotional bond to another person.
Psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment
theorist, describing attachment as a
“…lasting psychological connectedness between human

beings"
(Bowlby, 1969, p. 194)
• Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by

children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact
that continues throughout life.
• According to Bowlby, attachment also serves to keep the
infant close to the mother, thus improving the child’s
chances of survival.
• In her 1970’s research, psychologist Mary
Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowlby’s
original work.
• Her groundbreaking “Strange Situation” study

revealed the profound effects of attachment on
behavior.
• In the study, researchers observed children

between the ages of 12 and 18 months as they
responded to a situation in which they were
briefly left alone and then reunited with their
mothers (Ainsworth, 1978).
Characteristics of Attachment
• Safe Haven: When the child feel threatened or afraid, he
or she can return to the caregiver for comfort and
soothing.
• Secure Base: The caregiver provides a secure and

dependable base for the child to explore the world.
• Proximity Maintenance: The child strives to stay near the

caregiver, thus keeping the child safe.
• Separation Distress: When separated from the caregiver,

the child will become upset and distressed.
STYLES OF ATTACHMENT
• Ainsworth described three major styles of

attachment:
secure attachment
ambivalent-insecure attachment
avoidant-insecure attachment

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GROUP 1

•Implications in Teaching and Learning

•Ainsworth Attachment Theory (Bowlby’s

• Involves changes in an individual’s

ex: an infant’s smile in response to her

•kids need access to people and situations

•To experience these concepts first-hand, children

Trust Child develops a belief that the environment can be

Autonomy Child learns what he/she can control and develops a

Babies can show a sign when feel

Show empathy and love

Interested to help people in house

Observe other children play and will join

Show their love to the younger children or

Friendly, laugh and cry at different time.

Able to eat and drink by themselves.

Children are able to make

• It is important for adult to recognize that

- Children needs love, safety and being

- Give chance for children to explore their

“…lasting psychological connectedness between human

• Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by

• Her groundbreaking “Strange Situation” study

• In the study, researchers observed children

• Secure Base: The caregiver provides a secure and

• Proximity Maintenance: The child strives to stay near the

• Separation Distress: When separated from the caregiver,

• Ainsworth described three major styles of

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