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Guidelines On Compressor Sizing and Selection

This document discusses the selection process for compressors. It outlines key factors to consider like flow rate, pressure, temperature, and gas properties. It then presents the specific speed and specific diameter equations used on a chart to preliminarily select compressor types based on operating conditions. Sample problems demonstrate using the equations and chart to determine the appropriate compressor for given gas compression needs.

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Ian Luyao
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1K views35 pages

Guidelines On Compressor Sizing and Selection

This document discusses the selection process for compressors. It outlines key factors to consider like flow rate, pressure, temperature, and gas properties. It then presents the specific speed and specific diameter equations used on a chart to preliminarily select compressor types based on operating conditions. Sample problems demonstrate using the equations and chart to determine the appropriate compressor for given gas compression needs.

Uploaded by

Ian Luyao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSOR SELECTION

OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION
Importance of selection, factors to consider
Process of compressor selection
Discuss preliminary selection
Present the equations
Define its terms
Introduce the Ns-Ds chart
Discuss the ranges of N and D of each compressor
Sample problem
IMPORTANCE
of Compressor Selection
Selecting the right compressor is
essential because much as in the case
for pumps, this saves on energy as well
as makes the pressure increase
appropriate for the application intended
for the compressor.
KEY FACTORS
for Compressor Selection
KEY FACTORS for Compressor Selection

GAS FLOW RATE (Volume of gas that passes through a


particular point in a particular period of time). Some compressors
handle typically higher gas flows than other weaker compressors.

INLET AND DISCHARGE PRESSURE (Indicates degree of


compression). Different compressors have different pressure
capacities. Some may only function at high pressures while some
only at low pressures.

ELEVATION (Used to determine the local barometric


pressure). the more higher the elevation, the more
powerful/stronger compressor must be required.
KEY FACTORS for Compressor Selection

CAPACITY (The volume the gas will occupy at the


compressor's suction). Different nozzle sizes of the compressors
have corresponding glow rates.

SUCTION AND DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE. (Affects the


condition of the gas). Gases might behave dangerously to certain
operating conditions.
KEY FACTORS for Compressor Selection
GAS PROPERTIES. Includes viscosity, corrosive nature,
elastic nature, and toxicity.

Viscosity. Affects the heat generation in the gears and pistons of


the compressor since it opposes relative motion into the surface of
the compressor chamber thus creating friction.
Corrosive Nature. Some gases may cause corrosion under some
operating conditions.
Elastic Nature. Refers to how much kinetic energy a gas can absorb
in the process of compression.
Toxicity. Dictates how sealed should the compressor will be.
KEY FACTORS for Compressor Selection

COST (Includes installation, equipment, power consumption,


service maintenance). The compressor is an investment of the
company.

ENVIRONMENT. Includes noise, vibration, being gas-tight.


Minimizing the risk of hazards.
TRENDS
for Compressor Selection
There are numerous trends for the
different types of compressors. These
classifications are often made according
to pressure ratio induced, volumetric flow
rate, or adiabatic head.
Q and R Trends for Various Compressors

Flow rate Pressure ratio

Positive-
LOW HIGH
displacement

Centrifugal MED HIGH

Axial -Flow
HIGH LOW
From
PERRYs
VARIABLES FOR USE WITH CHART
Specific Speed

Ns = specific speed
N = rotative speed of the impeller (rpm)
Q = capacity of compressor at the best efficiency point
(cfs)
H = head of a single stage of the compressor at best
efficiency point (ft)
VARIABLES FOR USE WITH CHART
Specific Diameter
0.25

=

Ds = specific diameter
D = impeller diameter (ft)
H = head of a single stage of the compressor at best
efficiency point (ft)
Q = capacity of compressor at the best efficiency point
(cfs)
PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR TYPE
From
PERRYs
Alternative Selection Process
FROM AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS

Determine Select Select


compression ratio compressor model options

Choose Determine
number of stages theo rpm, actual rpm

Calculate Calculate
discharge T, %VE, PD power required
SAMPLE
Problems
PROBLEM 3.3-3 (GEANKOPLIS)

ADIABATIC COMPRESSION OF AIR. A


compressor operating adiabatically is to
compress 2.83 m3/min of air at 29.4C AND
102.7 kN/m2 TO 311.6 kN/m2. Calculate the
power required if the efficiency of the
compressor is 75%. Also calculate the
outlet temperature.
GIVEN Ws

Q = 2.83 m3/min P2= 311.6 kN/m2


T = 302.56 K
P1 = 102.7 kN/m2
MOLAR MASS OF AIR = 29 g/mol
REQUIRED
Power required and outlet temperature

SOLUTION
= CP /CV = 1.4
Substitute to Equation 3.3-14

-Ws = 113 290 J/Kg

Solve n using Ideal Gas Equation (PV=nRT)


Where P= 102.7 Kn/m2
V= 2.83 m3/min * 1 min/60 s = 0.04717 m3/s
Molar flow rate = 1.926 mol/s
Mass rate = 1.926 mol/s * 29 g/mol = = 55.84 g/s
From the Equation 3.3-2
Substitute Wp, m:
kW= 8.44 kW
GETTING THE OUTLET TEMPERATURE
From Equation 3.3-15

T2 = 415.46 K
PROBLEM 21.22 (FOUST)

3
It is necessary to compress 600

of air at 70 and 14.7 psi to a final
pressure of 2000 psig. Suggest a
compressor type.
Given
3
Q = 600 ft /min
T = 70 F
P1 = 14.7 psi
P2 = 2000 psig

Required
compressor type
Solution

Solving for density,



=

29 32+460
= = 0.075
359 70+460 3
Solution (cont.)

Solving for head,



=

2000144
= = 3,840,000
0.075
Solution (cont.)
We can determine values for Ns and Ds by assuming
initial values for N and D. Likely values for D are a few
feet so we can begin with 1 ft as an initial value.

The most common compressor types are centrifugal


compressors, and we can plug in the conventional
minimum and maximum N values (see table in next
slide).
N/ rpm Ns D Ds Q/ cfm P2 (psig) H/ psig Cost

Centrifugal 3500- 30 - 0.3 - 6 8-5000


12 000 3000
Axial- >50000 Up to
centrifugal
/Axial 125
Positive <20 1 -20 <500 >5000 >12000 Low
Displacement
initial
cost
Reciprocating 300-1000 3-5 in

Rotary ~12 000 few ft 2000- 12-125


25000

Collated values for compressors.


Solution (cont.)

Solving for specific diameter,


0.25
=

(1)(3840000)0.25
= = 14.0
600
60
Solution (cont.)

Solving for specific speed,


= =
0.75 0.75
3500 600/60 12000 600/60
= = 0.13 = = 0.44
(3,840,000)0.75 (3,840,000)0.75
PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR TYPE

LIKELY Ds VALUE

RANGE FOR
Ns VALUE
Solution (cont.)
Based on the calculations, the Ns value cannot reach
the area for centrifugal compressors. However, upon
checking the Ds value, the compressor types may fall
under piston compressors.
Upon checking the possible N values for compressors, N
for piston compressors may reach approximately 12000
rpm, which is one of the values considered initially.
Thus, we may declare the 12000 rpm value and 1 ft as
valid approximations.
PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR TYPE

LIKELY Ds VALUE
Likely
compressor
type

RANGE FOR
Ns VALUE
PROBLEM 21.22 (FOUST)

Suggestion: a rotary compressor

Agrees with simpler classification


chart, given Q and P ratio
(assuming continued
classification at higher P ratio)
since rotary compressors fall
under positive displacement.
END
OF REPORT

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