The Nervous System

FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HUMANA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
ESCUELA ACADMICO PROFESIONAL DE PSICOLOGA HUMANA

The nervous system is
the master controlling
and comunicating
system of the body.
The nervous system

controls and
coordinates all
esential functions of
the human body.
Cerebral Hemispheres:
The two cerebral

hemispheres (the left
and the right side) form
the largest apart of the
brain, called the
cerebrum.
Each cerebral
The cerebral hemispheres are
hemisphere is divided by
involved in logical reasoning,
some fissures and sulci
moral conduct, emotional
into a number of lobes
responses, sensory
which are named for the
interpretation, and the initiation
cranial bones that lie over
of voluntary muscle activity.
them.
Pathways of nerve impulses are crossed
pathways meaning that the Left side of
the brain controls the RIGHT side of the
body, and the Right side of the brain
controls the LEFT side of the body.
Motor
Sensory
areas
areas
The cerebral
hemispheres has
three (3) types of
functional areas
Association
areas
Memory is the storage and retrieval of information.
Stages of Memory
Short-term memory (STM, or working memory) a

fleeting memory of the events that continually
happen. STM lasts seconds to hours and is limited to 7
or 8 pieces of information.
Long-term memory (LTM) has limitless capacity.
Transfer from STM to LTM

Factors that affect transfer of memory from STM to LTM include:
Emotional state: we learn best when we are alert, motivated,
and aroused
Rehearsal: repeating or rehearsing material enhances memory
Association: associating new information with old memories in
LTM enhances memory.
The spinal cord is a reflex center
and conduction pathway which
is found within the vertebral
canal.
It extends from the foramen

magnum to L1 or L2.
Nerve is a bundle of neuron
Nerve:
fibers found outside the CNS.
Cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves

that extend from the brain to serve the
head and neck region, except the
Vagus nerve, which extend into the
thorax and abdomen.
Spinal nerves are 31 pairs of nerves

formed by the union of the dorsal and
ventral roots of the spinal cord on each
side.
The PNS has two (2) functional divisions
Sensory or Afferent Division:

Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central
nervous system from sensory receptors located in various
parts of the body.
Sensory fibers that deliver impulses from the skin, skeletal

muscles, and joints are called somatic (soma = body)
sensory fibers.
Sensory fibers that transmit impulses from the visceral

organs are called visceral sensory fibers, or visceral
afferents.
The sensory division keeps the CNS constantly informed of

events going on both inside and outside the body.
Carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs,

muscles and glands.
Motor Division:
The Somatic Nervous System (SNS):
Allows us to consciously, or voluntarily, control our

skeletal muscles.
This subdivision is often referred to as the voluntary

nervous system, however, skeletal muscle reflexes
are also initiated involuntarily by fibers of this same
subdivision.
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
Regulates events that are automatic, or

involuntary, such as the activity of smooth
muscles and glands.
This subdivision is commonly called the

involuntary nervous system
Motor Division (Autonomic Nervous
System):
It is the fight or flight subdivision, which

prepares the body to cope with some
threats
Its activation results in increased heart

rate and blood pressure.
Parasympathetic (inhibits)
It is the housekeeping system and

is in control most of the time.
This division maintains homeostasis

by seeing that normal digestion and
elimination occur and that energy is
conserved.
Reflexes are programmed,
rapid, predictable, and
involuntary responses to
stimuli.
Reflexes may be inborn or

learned (acquired).
Reflexes occur over neural

pathways called reflex arc
and involve both CNS and
PNS structures.
Reflex Arc
Five (5) Basic Element of Reflex Arc
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration center
Motor neuron
Effector
Include all reflexes that stimulate
the skeletal muscle (e.g. When you
Somatic Reflexes quickly pulled your hand away from
a hot object, a somatic reflex is
working).
Types of Reflexes
Regulate the activity of smooth
muscles, the heart, and glands
(i.e. Secretion of saliva and
changes in the size of the eye Autonomic Reflexes
pupils); autonomic reflexes
regulate such body functions as
digestion, elimination, blood
pressure and sweating.

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FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HUMANA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ESCUELA ACADMICO PROFESIONAL DE PSICOLOGA HUMANA

The nervous system

The two cerebral

Short-term memory (STM, or working memory) a

Long-term memory (LTM) has limitless capacity.

Transfer from STM to LTM

It extends from the foramen

Cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves

Spinal nerves are 31 pairs of nerves

Sensory or Afferent Division:

Sensory fibers that deliver impulses from the skin, skeletal

Sensory fibers that transmit impulses from the visceral

The sensory division keeps the CNS constantly informed of

Carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs,

The Somatic Nervous System (SNS):

Allows us to consciously, or voluntarily, control our

This subdivision is often referred to as the voluntary

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

Regulates events that are automatic, or

This subdivision is commonly called the

It is the fight or flight subdivision, which

Its activation results in increased heart

It is the housekeeping system and

This division maintains homeostasis

Reflexes may be inborn or

Reflexes occur over neural

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