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Subnetting/Supernetting and Classless Addressing: by Rajat Vij

This document discusses subnetting, supernetting, and classless addressing. It provides examples of how to design subnets and supernetworks. Specifically, it explains how to determine the number of subnets and addresses needed based on the subnet or supernet mask. It also gives examples of applying subnet and supernet masks to identify if an address belongs to the designated subnet or supernet.

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82 views27 pages

Subnetting/Supernetting and Classless Addressing: by Rajat Vij

This document discusses subnetting, supernetting, and classless addressing. It provides examples of how to design subnets and supernetworks. Specifically, it explains how to determine the number of subnets and addresses needed based on the subnet or supernet mask. It also gives examples of applying subnet and supernet masks to identify if an address belongs to the designated subnet or supernet.

Uploaded by

Rajat Vij
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subnetting/Supernetting

and
Classless Addressing
BY RAJAT VIJ
CONTENTS
• SUBNETTING
• SUPERNETTING
SUBNETTING
IP addresses are designed with
two levels of hierarchy.
Figure
A network with two levels of
hierarchy (not subnetted)
Figure
A network with three levels of
hierarchy (subnetted)
Figure
Addresses in a network with
and without subnetting
Figure
Default mask and subnet mask
Figure

Comparison of a default mask and


a subnet mask
The number of subnets must be
a power of 2.
Example 1

A company is granted the site address


201.70.64.0 (class C). The company needs
six subnets. Design the subnets.
Solution

The number of 1s in the default


mask is 24 (class C).
Solution (Continued)

The company needs six subnets. This number


6 is not a power of 2. The next number that is
a power of 2 is 8 (23). We need 3 more 1s in
the subnet mask. The total number of 1s in
the subnet mask is 27 (24  3).
The total number of 0s is 5 (32  27). The
mask is
Solution (Continued)

11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000


or
255.255.255.224

The number of subnets is 8.


The number of addresses in each subnet
is 25 (5 is the number of 0s) or 32.
See Figure 5.8
Figure
Example 1
Example 2

A company is granted the site address


181.56.0.0 (class B). The company needs
1000 subnets. Design the subnets.
Solution

The number of 1s in the default mask is 16


(class B).
Solution (Continued)

The company needs 1000 subnets. This


number is not a power of 2. The next number
that is a power of 2 is 1024 (210). We need 10
more 1s in the subnet mask.
The total number of 1s in the subnet mask is
26 (16  10).
The total number of 0s is 6 (32  26).
Solution (Continued)

The mask is
11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
or
255.255.255.192.
The number of subnets is 1024.
The number of addresses in each subnet is 26
(6 is the number of 0s) or 64.
See Figure 5.9
Figure
Example 2
SUPERNETTING
Figure
A supernetwork
In subnetting,
we need the first address of the
subnet and the subnet mask to
define the range of addresses.
In supernetting,
we need the first address of
the supernet
and the supernet mask to
define the range of addresses.
Figure
Comparison of subnet, default,
and supernet masks
Example 3
We need to make a supernetwork out of 16
class C blocks. What is the supernet mask?
Solution
We need 16 blocks. For 16 blocks we need to
change four 1s to 0s in the default mask. So the
mask is
11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
or
255.255.240.0
Example 4

A supernet has a first address of 205.16.32.0 and a


supernet mask of 255.255.248.0. A router receives three
packets with the following destination addresses:
205.16.37.44
205.16.42.56
205.17.33.76
Which packet belongs to the supernet?
Solution

We apply the supernet mask to see if we can find


the beginning address.
205.16.37.44 AND 255.255.248.0205.16.32.0
205.16.42.56 AND 255.255.248.0 205.16.40.0
205.17.33.76 AND 255.255.248.0 205.17.32.0
Only the first address belongs to this supernet.
Example 5
A supernet has a first address of 205.16.32.0 and a
supernet mask of 255.255.248.0. How many blocks are in
this supernet and what is the range of addresses?

Solution

The supernet has 21 1s. The default mask has 24


1s. Since the difference is 3, there are 2 3 or 8
blocks in this supernet. The blocks are 205.16.32.0
to 205.16.39.0. The first address is 205.16.32.0.
The last address is 205.16.39.255.

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