HVDC Modeling
HVDC Modeling
HVDC Modeling
cos sin
= sin cos
where U is the identity matrix of dimensions equal to order or
,
is the angle between D axis and reference axis.
If AC harmonic currents ( say third harmonics), are injected into the AC system, they
can cause harmonic distortion of the converter bus voltage due to resonance.
If the distortion is severe, this can lead to operational difficulties such as higher
incidence of commutation failure, etc.
Some of the major factors that affect the low order harmonic resonances are:
Harmonic distortion during transients are always present and is caused by the
changing in the firing angles due to the controller action.
This was first studied by Ainsworth using a physical model simulator. He also den
Expressions for harmonic magnification based on certain assumptions and
approximations. The assumptions are as follow:
3. The constant firing angle type of individual phase control scheme is considered.
The major conclusion of the study are as follows:
1. The harmonic instability can be expected with systems having low SCR at
the conventer bus. The problem may be present even at moderate values of
SCR if there is a resonating.
2. The firing control scheme has a major effect. The problem is worse with
inverse control scheme compared to the constant control scheme.
The major causes for this type of harmonic instability are due to :
A BTB link, generally has low impedance as there is no DC line and the smoothing
reactors have smaller inductances.
In an asynchronous HVDC link the operating frequencies at the two end may be
different even though the nominal frequencies are same.
Harmonic interactions are also present in VSC based HVDC systems. However,
the mechanism different.
The harmonics in the AC current are transferred to the DC side current with
frequency translation.
+ = +
=
The choice of capacitor is affected by considerations of harmonic interactions.
5. CONTROL INTERACTIONS
HVDC control is quite complex with several levels of control and various modes
of operations that affect system performance.
FACTS Controller for voltage control can interact with the AC network
resonance.
Questions:
Explain the various blocks and its functions used in the
Converter Controller models.
Draw the model for DC line using model and write the state
equations.
Explain analysis of HVDC turbine generator torsional
interactions along with block diagram.
Explain the analysis of harmonic instability applied to any AC
or DC network.
References
1] K R Padiyar, HVDC Power Transmission Systems, Third Edition
(2015), New Age International Limited Publishers.
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