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Chapter 1 Refrigeration Cycle

The document discusses the refrigeration cycle used in air conditioning and refrigeration applications. It begins by introducing refrigeration as the heart of air conditioning systems and the importance of understanding the principle of operation and efficiency (COP). It then describes the key components of the refrigeration cycle - the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The refrigeration cycle operates based on the reversed Carnot cycle, where work is input to move heat from a low temperature evaporator to a high temperature condenser. The document provides diagrams of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle and defines terms like evaporating temperature, condensing temperature, and COP.

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Mira Fazzira

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

321 views19 pages

Chapter 1 Refrigeration Cycle

Uploaded by

Mira Fazzira

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Intro: Refrigeration Cycle

Used in many
In air conditioning,
applications e.g.
refrigeration is the
preservation of heart of the system
food and material

Important to understand
the principle of operation
of a refrigeration unit &
efficiency of the system
commonly known as
Coefficient of
Performance.
Refrigeration cycle unit
Air conditioning unit
Principle Operation of
Refrigerator
What is a refrigerating machine?

A device which will either cool/maintain a body at a temperature below

the surroundings. Heat must be made to flow from a body at low temp
to the surroundings at higher temp.

Thermal energy refer to the internal energy present in a system

in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium by principle of
its temperature.

Thermodynamic equilibrium 2 system are said to be

thermodynamic equilibrium with each other when they are in
mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium with each other.
2 categories of thermal
plant

Thermal power Refrigeration

plants (work (work consuming.
producing. i.e: i.e: refrigerator,
steam plant) air cond)
Carnot Cycle & Reverse Carnot Cycle
Carnot Cycle(steam plant) Reversed Carnot Cycle
(refrigeration cycle)

Heat source, T1 hot region Heat source, T1 hot region

Qin Qrejected

Engine Work out Engine Work in

Qreject Qin

Heat sink, T2 cold Heat sink, T2 cold

region region
Objective: prod. of work Objective: using work
From the diagram: From the diagram:
Energy flows into the syst from a Work serve to take heat from the
reservoir at const T1, work leaves reservoir ( sink at T2) & reject it to
the syst & ht is rejected to the source at T1.
receiver at const T2. Input is work
Input is heat Output is cooling or heating
Output is work/motion/electricity.
REFRIGERATION CYCLE

Every single refrigerator is made

up of at least four key parts:

Q 1 - Compressor

2 - Condenser

3 - Expansion valve
W

4 - Heat-exchanging tubes
(Evaporator)
Functions of the
components
Compressor- which uses work input to
reduce the pressure in the evaporator and
increase the pressure of the vapour being
transferred to the condenser
Expansion valve- controls the flow of
liquid refrigerant and reduces the pressure
Condenser- where the high pressure
vapour condenses, rejecting heat to its
surroundings (vapourliquid)
Refrigerant Cycle Unit
Vapor Compression Cycle

1-2: The vapor from evap is drawn

into the comprssr . The P is from Pe
Pc.
2-3 : The vapor leaving the comprssr.
The ht is being rejected at const P
until it reached the saturated line.
The vapor cools slightly in the
P condenser.
3-4:Expansion of fluid (refrigerant)
Vapor
3 2 from the saturation point to the wet
Condensation region at const enthalpy. However, the
Compression temp & pressure . The temp due to
the expansion conducts ht out.
Liquid
4-1:The P drop caused by the
4
Evaporation 1 expansion brings the refrigerant into
Wet Region vap/liquid mixture region. Heat
h
enters from outer region to be cooled.
Pressure- entalphy diagram
This part is carried out at const P & T.
Vapor- Compression Cycle

Vapor 3-4,throttling: h3=h4

2
3
Condensation
Throttling

Compression
4-1,evaporator (cooling effect):
Liquid
4
Qin= h1-h4=h1-h3
Evaporation 1

Wet Region
h

Pressure- entalphy diagram 1-2,compressor : Work=h2-h1

2-3, condenser :
Qrej= h2-h3
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is an
indicator of performance of a refrigeration cycle.

COP = Refrigeration effect

Compressor work
= h1-h4 (Qin)
h2-h1(Win)

Compressor pressure ratio= Pc/Pe

Test no

Evaporator Gauge pressure *Compressor Discharge Temp

Pe ( KN/m2) T7 ( oC)

Absolute Evaporator Pressure Condenser Temp

Pe ( KN/m2) T6 (oC)

*Evaporator temperature Condenser Water Flow Rate

T5 (oC) mc (gm/s)

Evaporator Water Flow Rate Condenser Water Inlet Temp

ms ( gm /s) T4 ( oC)

Evaporator Water Inlet Temp Condenser Water Outlet Temp

T1 ( oC) T3 ( oC)

Evaporator Water outlet Temp Compressor Power input

T2 ( oC) W ( watts)

*Condensed Liquid Temp

T8 (oC)

Condenser Gauge Pressure

Pc ( kN/m2)

Absolute Condenser Pressure

Pc ( kN/m2)
Test no

Evaporator Gauge pressure *Compressor Discharge Temp

Pe ( KN/m2) T7 ( oC)
80 oC

Absolute Evaporator Pressure Condenser Temp Saturated

Pe ( KN/m2)
0.8 bar T6 (oC) vapor
*Evaporator temperature Condenser Water Flow Rate
20 oC
T5 (oC) mc (gm/s)