Intro: Refrigeration Cycle
Used in many
In air conditioning,
applications e.g.
refrigeration is the
preservation of heart of the system
food and material
Important to understand
the principle of operation
of a refrigeration unit &
efficiency of the system
commonly known as
Coefficient of
Performance.
Refrigeration cycle unit
Air conditioning unit
Principle Operation of
Refrigerator
What is a refrigerating machine?
A device which will either cool/maintain a body at a temperature below
the surroundings. Heat must be made to flow from a body at low temp
to the surroundings at higher temp.
Thermal energy refer to the internal energy present in a system
in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium by principle of
its temperature.
Thermodynamic equilibrium 2 system are said to be
thermodynamic equilibrium with each other when they are in
mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium with each other.
2 categories of thermal
plant
Thermal power Refrigeration
plants (work (work consuming.
producing. i.e: i.e: refrigerator,
steam plant) air cond)
Carnot Cycle & Reverse Carnot Cycle
Carnot Cycle(steam plant) Reversed Carnot Cycle
(refrigeration cycle)
Heat source, T1 hot region Heat source, T1 hot region
Qin Qrejected
Engine Work out Engine Work in
Qreject Qin
Heat sink, T2 cold Heat sink, T2 cold
region region
Objective: prod. of work Objective: using work
From the diagram: From the diagram:
Energy flows into the syst from a Work serve to take heat from the
reservoir at const T1, work leaves reservoir ( sink at T2) & reject it to
the syst & ht is rejected to the source at T1.
receiver at const T2. Input is work
Input is heat Output is cooling or heating
Output is work/motion/electricity.
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Every single refrigerator is made
up of at least four key parts:
Q 1 - Compressor
2 - Condenser
3 - Expansion valve
W
4 - Heat-exchanging tubes
(Evaporator)
Functions of the
components
Compressor- which uses work input to
reduce the pressure in the evaporator and
increase the pressure of the vapour being
transferred to the condenser
Expansion valve- controls the flow of
liquid refrigerant and reduces the pressure
Condenser- where the high pressure
vapour condenses, rejecting heat to its
surroundings (vapourliquid)
Refrigerant Cycle Unit
Vapor Compression Cycle
1-2: The vapor from evap is drawn
into the comprssr . The P is from Pe
Pc.
2-3 : The vapor leaving the comprssr.
The ht is being rejected at const P
until it reached the saturated line.
The vapor cools slightly in the
P condenser.
3-4:Expansion of fluid (refrigerant)
Vapor
3 2 from the saturation point to the wet
Condensation region at const enthalpy. However, the
Compression temp & pressure . The temp due to
the expansion conducts ht out.
Liquid
4-1:The P drop caused by the
4
Evaporation 1 expansion brings the refrigerant into
Wet Region vap/liquid mixture region. Heat
h
enters from outer region to be cooled.
Pressure- entalphy diagram
This part is carried out at const P & T.
Vapor- Compression Cycle
Vapor 3-4,throttling: h3=h4
2
3
Condensation
Throttling
Compression
4-1,evaporator (cooling effect):
Liquid
4
Qin= h1-h4=h1-h3
Evaporation 1
Wet Region
h
Pressure- entalphy diagram 1-2,compressor : Work=h2-h1
2-3, condenser :
Qrej= h2-h3
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is an
indicator of performance of a refrigeration cycle.
COP = Refrigeration effect
Compressor work
= h1-h4 (Qin)
h2-h1(Win)
Compressor pressure ratio= Pc/Pe
Test no
Evaporator Gauge pressure *Compressor Discharge Temp
Pe ( KN/m2) T7 ( oC)
Absolute Evaporator Pressure Condenser Temp
Pe ( KN/m2) T6 (oC)
*Evaporator temperature Condenser Water Flow Rate
T5 (oC) mc (gm/s)
Evaporator Water Flow Rate Condenser Water Inlet Temp
ms ( gm /s) T4 ( oC)
Evaporator Water Inlet Temp Condenser Water Outlet Temp
T1 ( oC) T3 ( oC)
Evaporator Water outlet Temp Compressor Power input
T2 ( oC) W ( watts)
*Condensed Liquid Temp
T8 (oC)
Condenser Gauge Pressure
Pc ( kN/m2)
Absolute Condenser Pressure
Pc ( kN/m2)
Test no
Evaporator Gauge pressure *Compressor Discharge Temp
Pe ( KN/m2) T7 ( oC)
80 oC
Absolute Evaporator Pressure Condenser Temp Saturated
Pe ( KN/m2)
0.8 bar T6 (oC) vapor
*Evaporator temperature Condenser Water Flow Rate
20 oC
T5 (oC) mc (gm/s)
Evaporator Water Flow Rate Condenser Water Inlet Temp
ms ( gm /s) T4 ( oC)
Evaporator Water Inlet Temp Condenser Water Outlet Temp
T1 ( oC) T3 ( oC)
Evaporator Water outlet Temp Compressor Power input
T2 ( oC) W ( watts)
*Condensed Liquid Temp
T8 (oC)
50 oC
Condenser Gauge Pressure
Pc ( kN/m2)
Absolute Condenser Pressure
Pc ( kN/m2)
2.5 bar
3 Pc
t8 t7
2
t5
4
Pe 1
Refrigeration Cycle
Study Unit
THANK YOU
