The overview of the System.

ISUP / Public Switched ISUP /

TUP Telephone Network TUP Um

(PSTN)

Authen. Equip. Id
MAP BTS
Centre Register
AUC EIR
Base Mobile Station
Station Base
MAP
Home Visitor
MAP
MAP Subsystem Transceiver (MS)
Base
Location Location (BSS) Station
Transceiver
Base
Register Register BTS
Station
Transceiver
A-bis Base
HLR VLR BTS
Station
Transceiver
Base
Mobile Mobile Base
Switching Base BTS
Transceiver
Station
Switching Station
Centre Centre Transceiver
Station
BTS
MAP Controller
MSC MSC A-Inter Station
BTS
ISUP / BSC
BTS
TUP

2 Mbit/s PCM
Air Interface
GSM
Signalling procedures

BTS
 Special signalling procedures
for GSM

Call Management CM
Ordinary Call Control (as usual)
Mobility Management MM
Location Updating (Roaming)
Authentication
Radio Resource Management RR BTS

Paging
Network Access
Encryption
Radio Signal Control
Radio Signal Measurements
Handover
 Location Updating (Roaming)
VLR

MSC

An MM procedure Area 1

Reasons for roaming:

MS has detected that it
has entered into a new
location area (by
BTS BTS
listening to Broadcast
system info) SONOFON

M N

Types of roaming:
Inside same VLR area VLR

The HLR does not BTS BTS MSC

need to know
Area 2
Another VLR area
In this case the
HLR is informed
 Location Updating (Roaming)
BT BS MS
MS S C C VLR 1 VLR 2 HLR
Location Update Request (old LAI, TMSI) [MM]
Update Location Area (old LAI, new LAI, TMSI)
Send Parameters (old LAI, TMSI)

Send Parameters Result (IMSI)

Update Location (IMSI, MSRN, VLR no)

Cancel Loc (IMSI, VLR' no)

Cancel Location Ack

Update Location Ack

Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, service inf)

Subscriber Data Acknowledge

Update Location Area Ack

Location Update Accept (new LAI, TMSI) [MM] Forward New TMSI (TMSI)

TMSI Reallocation Complete [MM]

TMSI Ack
Channel Release [RR] Clear Command [RR]

MAP signalling

Um/A-bis/A signalling
 Handovers.

A RR procedure
The Handover process
is the situation where a
Mobile Station changes
from being served by one
Antenna to another
Handovers take place BTS BTS

during a call
Handover are done
automatically
Crossing the boundary
of two adjacent cells is the
typical example of a
Handover
handover Signaling

MSC - A Inter MSC

Major types of MSC - B
handovers Inter BSC
Intra BSC
Inter BSC
Inter MSC
Purpose of Intra BSC
BSC BSC
handover BSC
Poor quality
connection SONOFON

M N

Avoid loosing BTS

contact
BTS
to the mobile SONOFON
SONOFON

M N

station BTS
M N

BTS

Fault in the MS or
BTS/BSC
Network
management
Handover, example
BT BSC- MSC- BSC- MSC- VLR-
MS S A A B B B
Measurement Result [RR]
Handover Required (new BTS) [RR]
Perform handover (new BTS, Ch type)

Handover Request (new BTS)

Handover Req Ack (Radio Ch)

Allocate handover number
(MSRN)

Radio Ch Ack (Radio Ch, MSRN) (MSRN)

Send handover report
IAM (MSRN)

Handover Command (Radio CH) [RR] ACM

Handover Complete [RR]

Send End Signal

Clear Command[RR]
Answer
Clear Complete[RR]

Um/A-bis/A signalling
MAP signalling
ISUP/TUP signalling
Call Setup

A CM procedure
Distinguish two types
Mobile Terminating Call
i.e. a call from the fixed network to a Mobile
Station
Mobile Originating Call BTS
i.e. a call from a Mobile Station to the fixed
network
 Mobile Terminating Call

Problems and answers

Where in the world is the Mobile Station
Look it up in the HLR
(The HLR may have to ask the VLR)
How to Make the Mobile Station Aware
that a call is waiting
BTS
Page it in the cell where it is located
What does the MS do when being paged
?
Asks for a Radio channel
Tells the system that it is ready

Now the usual setup flow follows

 Incoming Call
MS GMS ISD
MS BTS BSC C VLR HLR C N
IAM (MSISDN, service)
Send Routing Info (MSISDN)
Provide Roaming Number (IMSI)
Roaming Number (MSRN)
Routing Info (MSRN)
IAM (MSRN, service)
Send Info Incoming Call (MSRN, service)
Paging Request (TMSI)
Page (IMSI, TMSI, LAI)
[RR]
Channel Request
[RR]
Immediate Assign [RR]
Paging Response (TMSI) [RR]
Page Result
SETUP (service) [CM] Complete Call (service)
Call Confirm [CM]
Assign Command [RR] Assign Req [RR]
Assign Complete [RR]
Alerting [CM] ACM
Connect [CM]
ANM
Connect Ack [CM]
Complete Call Result

Um/A-bis/A signalling
MAP signalling
ISUP/TUP signalling
Mobile Originating Call

Problems and Answers

How the mobile gets in contact with the network
Switch the MS on
Request a channel
Tell the network what kind of service is wanted
How does the network respond
BTS
Verifies the Mobile identity (authentication)
Assigns a traffic channel

And then everything proceed as usual

 Outgoing Call from MS

MS BTS BSC MSC VLR ISDN

Channel Request/Required [RR]
Immediate Assign [RR]

CM Service Req (IMSI, transact) [MM] Process Access Request

CM copy [MM]
Authenticate (RAND)
Authentication Request (RAND) [MM]

Authentication Response (SRES) [MM] Authentication Response (SRES)

Set ciphering mode (key)

Ciphering Mode Command (key) [RR] Access Request Ack
Ciphering Mode Complete [RR]
SETUP (service, called number) [CM] Send info for o/g (service, called number)
Call Proceeding [CM] Complete call
Assign Command [RR] Assign Request [RR]
Assign Complete [RR]
IAM
ACM
Alerting [CM]

Connect [CM] ANM

Connect Ack [CM]

Um/A-bis/A signalling
MAP signalling
ISUP/TUP signalling