QUALITY CONTROL WITH

INSPECTION

PRESENTED BY:
MANSI GARG (003)
SAMRIDHI RAWAT (012)
AKANKSHA MARWAHA (017)
PRAKRITI GOEL (026)
MAITRI JAIN (048)
SUHASINI VERMA (049)
WHAT IS QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control may be defined as a procedure by
which we compare the actual quality of an object
with the intended quality. If the actual quality is
different from the intended one, especially if it is
less, we have to take corrective actions.
Quality control includes all such procedures, tools,
specifications and the system of norms &
specifications which are used to control the quality
of an object.
Quality control is generally costly.
WHAT IS INSPECTION
Inspection is needed for maintaining quality in a
construction project.
Different aspects of quality are to be considered.
Different types of inspection and quality control procedures
may apply to different materials.
An engineer should be conversant with all these
procedures.
NEED FOR INSPECTION AND
QUALITY CONTROL
Every operation is connected with the quality of the
product.
In the case of construction the quality of construction is to
be maintained as per project specifications.
It is important that quality requirements be satisfied and
production schedules are met.
The satisfaction of the owner of the project is mainly
derived by the quality of the work.
 TERMS UNDER INSPECTION
AND QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY :
It is a relative term and is used with reference to the end use of the product.
In the context of the construction field, this end product is what we construct.
Sometimes quality is defined as the fitness of any constructed facility or
structure for use at the most economical level.
QUALITY OF DESIGN OF A CONSTRUCTION:
is concerned with the specifications which have to be conformed with.
A good quality of design must ensure consistent performance of the facility
for the entire life span of the facility.
The design of the facility should be done in such a way that all possible
modes of failures are considered and appropriate inputs are ingrained in the
design to take care of them.
 TERMS UNDER INSPECTION
AND QUALITY CONTROL
CONFORMING TO QUALITY :
means the quality of the product/construction to be of a
required order.
It is essential so that the construction goes on as per the
satisfaction of the owner.
QUALITY OF PERFORMANCE :
It is connected with how well the constructed facility
gives its performance.
It depends on both the quality of design and the quality
of conformance.
BENEFITS OF MAINTAINING
QUALITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION
Increase in efficiency because of quality consciousness
Reduction of scrap due to less number of items being
rejected
Easy identification of construction faults
Decrease in cost in the long run due to benefits of quality
control
Creating quality consciousness in workers
MAJOR ITEMS IN CONSTRUCTION
JOB REQUIRING QUALITY CONTROL
To understand the aspect of quality control in construction, it
has to appreciate that construction industry is somewhat
different from other manufacturing industries.
The objects created or constructed in this sector are most of the
times unique in the sense that the structures are never the same
or the exact replica of one another.
Two buildings, two bridges, two roads may be chosen at
random and in each case we would find that there are
differences or variations.
There are certain considerations which should be kept in mind
when we consider quality control in civil engineering
construction.
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION IS
DEPENDENT, ON:
The quality of materials which are used in construction
The expertise of workers
The technology adopted in construction
Number, type and quality of inspections
Quality consciousness of people
Funds available for construction and quality control
Time available for quality control procedures
Existence of norms and guidelines for assessing quality of construction of a
particular type
Experience and expertise of inspectors
Quality of design
Nature of the construction project
STAGES OF INSPECTION AND
QUALITY CONTROL
Specifications for quality are available in Indian standards formulated by Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Different types of construction works are dealt with in different ways and
different tests to assess their different quality characteristics are available.
In different types of construction works or jobs different stages may be
recognized.
There are different types of guidelines to oversee each stage so that the quality of
the beam is of a right type.
We should appreciate that it shall be difficult to maintain the overall quality if
quality is not maintained in some of these stages.
We have to monitor quality of each and every stage to get the required quality of
the concrete member.
 Items Stages Quality control considerations
Measurement of dimensions in different Accurate measurements with precise
directions in terms of height, width and length instruments
Earth Work Excavation of soil Use of good equipment
Determination of soil properties Use of standard procedures for testing of soil
Compacting soil Use of equipment for compaction
Use of good quality materials
Measurement of dimensions in different directions Use of right construction procedures and
in terms of height, width and length correct bonds
Masonry
Construction of masonry Employment of people with experience and
Curing of masonry work expertise
Adequate curing of masonry
Measurement of dimensions in different directions
in terms of height, Use of good quality materials
width and length Use of right construction procedures
Reinforced Cement Creation and installation of formwork Employment of people with experience and
Concrete (RCC) Provision of reinforcement expertise
Mixing of concrete Correct detailing of reinforcement
Casting of concrete Adequate curing of concrete
Curing of concrete
Use of good quality materials and items
Procurement of sanitary and water supply items
Sanitary and Water Use of right construction procedures
Installation of these items correctly
Supply Services Employment of people with experience and
Testing of these items
expertise
Procurement of items Use of good quality materials and items
Installation of these items correctly Use of right construction procedures
Electrical Services Testing of these items Employment of people with experience and
expertise
QC THROUGHOUT PRODUCTION
SYSTEM
INPUTS CONVERSION OUTPUTS
RAW
PROCUCTION PRODUCT AND
MATERIAL,PARTS
PROCESSESS SERVICES
AND SUPPLIES

CONTROL CONTROL
CHARTS AND CONTROL CHARTS AND
ACCEPTANCE CHARTS ACCEPTANCE
PLANS PLANS
QUALITY OF QUALITY OF QUALITY OF
INPUTS PARTIALLY OUTPUTS
PROCESSED
PRODUCTS
STATISTICAL QUALITY
CONTROL
It is a technique for controlling quality of product
using a set of statistical tools
It involves two elements:
1. Statistical process control: This summarizes
collection of data , makes use of control charts.
2. Acceptance sampling
 CONTROL CHARTS
Primary purpose of control charts is to indicate
when production processes might have
changed sufficiently to affect product quality.
If the indication is that product quality has
deteriorated, corrective is taken.
Compare attributes (No. of defectives in a
sample)or variables (characteristics that can
be measured on a continuous scale (weight,
length, etc.) of the sample with that of the
standard
ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING OR
SAMPLING INSPECTION
It is the process of evaluating portion of the product
material in a lot for the purpose of accepting or
rejecting the lot as either conforming or not conforming
to quality specifications.
The acceptance plan identifies the:
1. Size of samples, n
2. Type of samples
3. Decision criterion, c, used to either accept or reject
the lot
Samples may be either single, double, or sequential.
SINGLE SAMPLING PLAN

Draw random sample (n) from the

lot
Determine number of defection
in the sample

If total no. of
defects does not If defection
exceed c, accept exceed c,
the lot reject the lot
 DOUBLE SAMPLING PLAN
Determine no. of defectives in the
sample(n)

Defectives do not exceed Defectives equal or

c1, accept the lot exceed r1, reject the lot

Defectives exceed c1 but less than r1, draw another

sample(n2)

Determine no. of defectives in second sample

Total no. of defectives does not Total no. of defectives equals

exceed c2. accept the lot or exceeds c2, reject the lot
SEQUENTIAL/MULTIPLE
SAMPLING
This is extension of double sampling plan
At each stage of sampling the cumulated results
are analyzed to take decision of accepting/rejecting
the lot
If no final decision can be taken at any stage, then
another sample is drawn to take further decision.
QUALITY AUDIT
ISO defines audit as systematic and independent
examination to determine whether quality activities
and related results comply with planned arrangements
and whether these are implemented effectively and are
suitable to achieve objectives.
1. It checks if quality system and procedures are
2. Free from congenital defects
3. Are capable of achieving and maintaining standards
of quality chosen by enterprise or costumers
4. being adhered to and compiled with, in day to day
work.
 QUALITY AUDIT AND FOLLOW
UP
Prior to writing auditing report, auditor explains the
observations to auditee
Corrective actions to be taken are proposed
Audit report are written in standard format which contain
area audited, dates of audit, persons contacted,
commendable features and recommendations.
The report must contain status of implementation of
pending corrective measures as per previous audit.
QC INSPECTION IN DISTRIBUTION
AND STORAGE
GMP summarizes following principles with respect to
distribution:
1. Only authorized products are distributed
2. Premises are suitable for their intended use and kept on good
sanitary condition
3. All products are received, stored and handled carefully
4. All operations are performed according to written procedure,
supervised and documented
5. Adequate provision exist to handle complaints, recalls and
return goods
 Storage: Warehouse should be clean, inaccessible for
unauthorized persons, temperature and humidity control,
adequate shelving, free from insects and vermin.
Special storage:
1. Availability of cold room/refrigerator for vaccines and
biological products
2. Special storage areas for controlled drugs and other
prescription drugs
3. Suitable and secure storage facility for controlled drugs and
poisons
 INSPECTION AND NARCOTIC
SECTION
Functions of Narcotic Drug Unit:
Controls the use of narcotic and psychotropic drug
substances
Issue importation and trade license for narcotic drugs
Prepare registry book and template necessary to control use
of narcotic substances and distribute them among the
concerned authority
Prepare annual statistic on narcotic and psychotropic drug
substances.
QUALITY CONTROL AND
INSPECTION SHEET EXAMPLE