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    Types of Information System

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    raj2create
    1. Information systems are composed of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. 2. Information systems are categorized based on the organizational level they correspond to, such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, management information systems, and executive support systems. 3. Expert systems are a type of information system that take the knowledge of human experts and apply rules to suggest conclusions, mimicking the decision making of experts.

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    Types of Information System

    Uploaded by

    raj2create
    191 views21 pages
    1. Information systems are composed of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. 2. Information systems are categorized based on the organizational level they correspond to, such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, management information systems, and executive support systems. 3. Expert systems are a type of information system that take the knowledge of human experts and apply rules to suggest conclusions, mimicking the decision making of experts.

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    1. Information systems are composed of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. 2. Information systems are categorized based on the organizational level they correspond to, such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, management information systems, and executive support systems. 3. Expert systems are a type of information system that take the knowledge of human experts and apply rules to suggest conclusions, mimicking the decision making of experts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    191 views21 pages

    Types of Information System

    Uploaded by

    raj2create
    1. Information systems are composed of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. 2. Information systems are categorized based on the organizational level they correspond to, such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, management information systems, and executive support systems. 3. Expert systems are a type of information system that take the knowledge of human experts and apply rules to suggest conclusions, mimicking the decision making of experts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    á  a set of interrelated components that collect, process,
    store and distribute information to support decision making
    and control in an organization.
    Information system is mainly concerned with three activities:
    Why Do People Need Information?

    Ń Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

    Ń Businesses - Decision making, problem solving


    and control

    3
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    Information systems are categorized based upon
    the organizational level the correspond.

    Classified as:
    1. TPS (Transaction Processing System)
    2. DSS (Decision Support System)
    3. MIS (Management Information System)
    4. ESS (Executive support system)
    r
    | 
      based upon the levels of operation in an
    organization.
    Categorized as:
    1. Operational level system (TPS)
    2. Management level system(MIS & DSS)
    3. Strategic level system(ESS)
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    1.Manufacturing & Production system


    2.Sales & Marketing System
    3. Financing & Accounting system
    4. Human Resource System
     
    Systems that supply data to operate, monitor and control the
    production process, as purchasing, receiving, shipping,
    process control, robotics, inventory systems, scheduling,
    engineering, operations, quality control, resource
    management etc.

    e.g.:
    A system in a factory that:
    gets information from measuring samples of products
    does statistical analysis of samples
    shows when operators should take corrective action
      ! 

    Systems that support the sales and marketing function by


    facilitating the movement of goods and services from producers
    to customers, as sales support - keep customer records, follow-up
    telemarketing - use phone for selling, order processing - process
    orders, produce invoices, supply data for sales analysis and
    inventory control, point-of-sale - capture sales data at cash
    register often by scanner, customer credit authorisation - advise
    on credit to be allowed to customer.

    Example:
    A Store's Sales System would:
    Y automatically record and total purchase transactions and prints
    out a packing list
    Y improve customer service
    Y maintain customer data
      

    Systems that maintain records concerning the flow of funds


    in the firm and produce financial statements, such as
    balance sheets and income statements. e.g. for Budgeting;
    General Ledger; Billing: Cost Accounting, Accounts
    Receivable / Payable; Funds Management Systems, Payroll.

    They were among the earliest systems to be


    computerised, like financial systems: cash management,
    loan management, check processing, securities trading.

    Example:
    Visa's Credit Card payment system.
    *  

    Systems that deal with recruitment, placement,


    performance evaluation, compensation, and
    career development of the firm's employees.

    Examples: personnel record keeping, applicant


    tracking, positions, training and skills, benefits.
     "#
    Helps strategic management staff (often senior managers)
    make decisions by providing information, models, or
    analysis tools. For support of semistructured and
    unstructured decisions (structured decisions can be
    automated). Used for analytical work, rather than general
    office support.
    Features:
      are flexible, adaptable and quick.
      user controls inputs and outputs
      support the decision process and often are sophisticated
    modelling tools so managers can make simulations and
    predictions.
      inputs are aggregate data, and they produce projections.
    Example:
      job for a DSS would be a 5 year operating plan.
     
    " #

    Y Condenses and converts TPS data into


    information for monitoring performance and
    managing an organisation.
    Y Transactions recorded in a TPS are analyzed and
    reported by an MIS.
    Y They have large quantities of input data and they
    produce summary reports as output. Used by
    middle managers. An example is an annual
    budgeting system.
    $% 
    "#
    Y Also known as an Executive Support System (ESS), it
    provides executives information in a readily accessible,
    interactive format. They are a form of MIS intended for
    top-level executive use. An EIS/ESS usually allows
    summary over the entire organisation and also allows
    drilling down to specific levels of detail. They also use data
    produced by the ground-level TPS so the executives can
    gain an overview of the entire organisation.
    Y Used by top level (strategic) management. They are
    designed to the individual. They let the CEO of an
    organisation tie in to all levels of the organisation. They are
    very expensive to run and require extensive staff support
    to operate.

      
    "
    #
    Y OAS provides individuals effective ways to process personal and
    organisational data, perform calculations, and create documents.
    e.g. word processing, spreadsheets, file managers, personal
    calendars, presentation packages
    Y They are used for increasing personal productivity and reducing
    "paper warfare". OAS software tools are often integrated (e.g.
    Word processor can import a graph from a spreadsheet) and
    designed for easy operation.
      

    Y Ñ : helps people work together by


    sharing information in many different forms
    Teleconferencing (including audioconferencing, computer
    conferencing, videoconferencing), electronic mail, voice mail, fax
    Y V&  helps teams work together by providing
    access to team data, structuring communication, and making it
    easier to schedule meetings. For sharing information, controlling
    work flows, communication/integration of work
    r& '! 
    "r'#

    rWS are used by technical staff. rWS uses


    modeling functions to convert design
    specifications into graphical designs.

    They may include,


    Computer-aided design (CAD)
    Computer-aided manufacture (CAM).
    $ 

    Expert systems are computer application programs


    that take the knowledge of one or more human experts in
    a field and computerize it so that it is readily available for
    use. The human experts do not need to be physically
    present to accomplish a specialized project or task. Expert
    systems are only designed to be ³expert´ in a very narrow
    and specific task or subject field. They contain the acquired
    expert knowledge and try to imitate the expert¶s evaluation
    processes to offer a conclusion. An advantage of an expert
    system is that it may include the knowledge of many
    experts in one specific field.
    $ 

    Y Expert systems imitate human experts in many different fields of


    expertise. Such systems contain rules (such as decision tables)
    that help a human answer expert questions.
    Y This is a classic example of how —  can affect people:
    imagine you are an expert rock identifier and people from around
    the world treat you like a living national treasure because of your
    brilliant ability to identify rocks. One day, a system is built that
    contains all the rules you intuitively use to make your rock
    identification decisions. By answering a few simple questions
    presented by the expert system, a human can identify a rock just
    as well as you can.
    Y Expert systems are built with decision-making rules, and they can
    ask humans a series of questions to narrow down the correct
    answer. One early and influential expert system was MYCIN, a
    disease diagnosis system.
    %$ 
    Y The computer can store far more information
    than a human.

    Y The computer does not 'forget', make silly


    mistakes or get drunk when it is most needed.

    Y Data can be kept up-to-date.

    Y The expert system is always available 24 hours a


    day and will never 'retire'.

    Y The system can be used at a distance over a


    network.
    Expert systems usually contain two components: a
    knowledge base and an inference engine program, enabling
    it to suggest conclusions. The knowledge base is
    programmed in an IF ... THEN logical rules structure. Such
    a structure is a series of IF conditions that, if met, THEN a
    specific result may be concluded.
    An example would be:
     the animal is a bird
    Y it does not fly
    Y it swims
    Y it is black and white
    |* it is a penguin
    Y The expert system rules out options with each question
    until there remains an option with high probability. The
    rules and questions, of course, are provided by expert
    humans in the first place

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