SPPE 1033

WORKSHOP SAFETY AND

MANAGEMENT

WEEK 2

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AGENDA
Class lecture Health and safety
management systems Policy

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 Learning Objectives
1. Outline the key elements of a health and safety management
system
2. Explain the purpose and importance of setting policy for health
and safety
3. Describe the key features and appropriate content of an effective
health and safety policy

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 Key elements of a health and safety
management system
All recognized occupational health and safety
management systems have some basic and
common elements. These are:
a planning phase;
a performance phase;
a performance assessment phase; and
a performance improvement phase

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 The Planning Phase
The planning phase always includesa policy
statement which outlines the health and safety
aims, objectives and commitment of the
organization and lines of responsibility
Hazard identification and risk assessment
takes place during this phase and the significant
hazards may well be included in the policy
statement.

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 The Planning Phase
Atthe planning stage, emergency
procedures should be developed and
relevant health and safety legal
requirements and other standards
identified together with appropriate
benchmarks from similar industries.
An organizational structure must be defined.

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 The Performance Phase
The performance phase will only be successful if
there is good communication at and between all
levels of the organization. This implies employee
participation as both worker representatives and
on safety committees.
Effectivecommunication with the workforce
with clear safe systems of workand other health
and safety procedures, will aid the
implementation and operation of the plan and
produce continual improvement of performance

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 The Performance Assessment Phase
The performance assessment phase may be
either active or reactive or, a mixture of both.
Active assessment includes work-based
inspections and audits, regular health and safety
committee meetings, feedback from training
sessions and a constant review of risk
assessments.
Reactiveassessment relies on records of accident,
work-related injuries and ill-health as well as near
miss and any enforcement notices.
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 The Performance Improvement Phase
A review of the effectiveness of the health and
safety management system and the
identification of any weaknesses.
The review, will assess whether targets have
been met and the reasons for any under-
performance.

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 Key characteristics of a health
and safety management system
Four key characteristics of a successful
occupational health and safety management
system:
A positive health and safety culture;
The involvement of all stakeholders;
An effective audit; and
Continual improvement.

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 A positive health and safety culture
Leadership and commitment to health and safety
throughout the organization;
An acceptance that high standards of health and
safety are achievable;
The identification of all significant hazards facing
the workforce and others;
A detailed assessment of health and safety risks in
the organization and the development of
appropriate control and monitoring systems;

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 A positive health and safety culture
A health and safety policy statement outlining
short- and long-term health and safety objectives;
Relevant communication procedures and training
programs for employees at all levels;
Systems for monitoring equipment, processes and
procedures and the prompt rectification of any
defects found;
The prompt investigation of all incidents and
accidents and reports made detailing any necessary
remedial actions
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 The involvement of stakeholders
The internal stakeholders include:
Directors and trustees of the organization
report on health and safety performance
should be presented at each board meeting
The workforce Without the full cooperation
of the workforce, including contractors and
temporary employees, the management of
health and safety will not be successful. The
workforce is best qualified to ensure and
provide evidence.
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 The involvement of stakeholders
The internal stakeholders include:
Health and safety professionals They are
appointed by the organization to manage the
occupational health and safety management
system and monitor its implementation. They
have interest in the development of the
system, the design of objectives and the
definition of targets or goals

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 The involvement of stakeholders
The external stakeholders include:
Insurance companies As compensation
claims increase, insurance companies are
requiring more and more evidence that health
and safety is being effectively managed.
Investors Increasingly, investment
organizations require evidence that these risks
are being addressed before investment
decisions are made

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 The involvement of stakeholders
The external stakeholders include:
Customers They are increasingly insisting on
some form of formal occupational health and
safety management system to exist within the
organization.
Neighbours The control of noise, and dust and
other atmospheric contaminants are examples
of common problem areas.

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 The involvement of stakeholders
The external stakeholders include:
International organizations The United
Nations, the ILO, the International Monetary
Fund, the World Bank and the World Health
Organization are all examples of international
bodies which have shown a direct or indirect
interest in the management of occupational
health and safety.

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 An effective audit
The audit aims to establish that the three major
components:
Appropriate management arrangements are in
place;
Adequate risk control systems exist, and are
implemented and consistent with the hazard
profile of the organization; and
Appropriate workplace precautions are in place.

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 Continual improvement
Its benefits include:
A decrease in the rate of injuries, ill-health and
damage;
A possible reduction in the resources required
to manage the system;
An acceptability of higher standards and an
improved health and safety culture; and
Overall improvements in the management
system itself.

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 The benefits and problems associated
with occupational health and safety
management systems
The benefits include:
It is much easier to achieve and demonstrate
legal compliance
Health and safety is given the same emphasis as
other business objectives,
Health and safety risks to be addressed in a
systematic manner,
To showlegal compliance

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 The benefits and problems associated
with occupational health and safety
management systems
The benefits include:
The organization is prepared for an emergency.
There is a genuine commitment to health and
safety throughout the organization.

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 The benefits and problems associated
with occupational health and safety
management systems
The problems include:
The arrangements and procedures are not
apparent and the audit process is only
concerned with a desktop review of procedures
The documentation is excessive and not totally
related to the organization due to the use of
generic procedures.
Other business objectives, such as production
targets, lead to ad hoc changes in procedures.
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 The benefits and problems associated
with occupational health and safety
management systems
The problems include:
Integration, which should really be a benefit,
can lead to a reduction in the resources and
effort applied to health and safety.
A lack of understanding by supervisors and the
workforce leads to poor system implementation.
The performance review is not implemented
seriously thus causing cynicism throughout the
organization.
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 Legal duties concerning health and
safety policy
The law requires that
a healthand safety policy statement of intent
which includes the health and safety aims and
objectives of the organization;
the health and safety organization detailing
the people with specific health and safety
responsibilities andtheir duties;
the health and safety arrangements in place in
terms of systems and procedures

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 Key features and appropriate content
of an effective health and safety policy
The following points should be included or
considered when a health and safety policy
statement is being drafted:
the aims, which should cover health and safety,
welfare and relevant environmental issues;
the position of the senior person in the
organization or company who is responsible for
health and safety
the names of the Health and Safety Adviser and
any safety representatives
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 Key features and appropriate content
of an effective health and safety policy
duties towards the wider general public and
others(contractors, customers,students, etc.);
the principal hazards in the organization;
specific policies of the organization (e.g. smoking
policy, violence to staff, etc.);
a commitment to employee consultation
possibly using a safety committee or staff
council;

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 Organization of health and safety
This section will include the following groups
together with their associated responsibilities:
directors and senior managers (responsible for
setting policy, objectives and targets);
supervisors (responsible for checking day-to-day
compliance with the policy);
health and safety advisers (responsible for
giving advice during accident investigations and
on complianceissues)

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 Organization of health and safety
employees (responsible for taking reasonable
care of the health and safety of themselves and
others who may be affected by their acts or
omissions);
fire marshals (responsible for the safe evacuation
of the building in an emergency);
first aiders (responsible for administering first aid
to injured persons).

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