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Ravindra Thosare, Prathmesh Rajhuns

The document discusses global warming and the greenhouse effect. It then describes steam methane reforming (SMR) which produces hydrogen from natural gas but also generates carbon dioxide. SMR involves reacting steam at high temperatures with fuels like natural gas. The main reactions are steam reforming, which converts hydrocarbons to hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the water-gas shift reaction. SMR is widely used but produces large amounts of CO2. The document also discusses preventing carbon formation in SMR through various methods like using more active catalysts.

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63 views11 pages

Ravindra Thosare, Prathmesh Rajhuns

The document discusses global warming and the greenhouse effect. It then describes steam methane reforming (SMR) which produces hydrogen from natural gas but also generates carbon dioxide. SMR involves reacting steam at high temperatures with fuels like natural gas. The main reactions are steam reforming, which converts hydrocarbons to hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the water-gas shift reaction. SMR is widely used but produces large amounts of CO2. The document also discusses preventing carbon formation in SMR through various methods like using more active catalysts.

Uploaded by

manutd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAVINDRA THOSARE, PRATHMESH

RAJHUNS
Contents

Introduction
Greenhouse Effect
Steam Methane Reformer
PFD of SMR
Steam Reforming Reaction
Carbon formation and Prevention
References
What is Global Warming

Global warming refers to an average increase in


Earths temperature, Which in turn causes change
in climate
Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the
atmosphere trap infrared radiation. This effect makes
planet warmer. When there is more greenhouse gases in
the air, The air holds more heat. This is why more more
greenhouse gases cause global warming.
What is Steam Methane Reformer

Steam methane reforming is a method for producing


hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or other useful products
from fuels such as natural gas.
which reacts steam at high temperature with the fossil fuel.
The steam methane reformer is widely used in industry to
make hydrogen.
The main drawback of SMR is produced very wide range
of CO2.
Due to lack of industrial uses of CO2, CO2 is not further
procesess and directaly escape to a atmosphere in form of
gases state.
PFD of SMR
Steam reforming reaction

The conversion of hydrocarbans to a mixture of


CO,CO2 and H2 .
Two reactions: Reforming and Shift reaction.
Steam reforming ( Very Endothermic )
CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2O
CnH2n+2 + nH2O nCO + (2n+1) H2
Water Gas Shift ( Slightly Exothermic )
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
1 Mole CH4 yields 3 moles of H2 and 1 mole of CO
16 kg CH4 yields 6 kg of H2 and 28 kg of CO
For production of 1 kg Hydrogen approx. 7 to 11 kg of
CO2 produces in over-all process
This CO2 contribute to the greenhouse gases
This is one of the biggest source of carbon dioxide
formation
Carbon formation and Prevention

Methods of preventing carbon formation:


1. Use more active catalyst
2. Use better heat transfer catalyst
3. Reduce level of higher hydrocarbons
4. Increase the steam ratio
5. Liquefaction of carbon
References

Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrogen


production from natural gas using current and emerging
technologies Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh, Bradley A. Saville,
Heather L. MacLean, i n t e r n a t i o n a l journal of hydrogen
energy xxx ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 -1 6
Revamping the hydrogen generation unit, K V PATWARDHAN,
V D DHUMAL and P BALARAMAKRISHNAR&D Centre,
L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering, India PTQ Q2 2014
Question???

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