Betty Schrampfer Azar

Stacy A. Hagen

Teacher Resource Disc

Slide shows for use with
PowerPoint presentation software

Laurette Poulos Simmons

Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
 CONTENTS

12-1 Using can

12-2 Pronunciation of can and cant
12-3 Using can: questions
12-4 Using know how to
12-5 Using could: past of can
12-6 Using be able to
12-7 Using very and too + adjective
 12-1 USING CAN

Tarifa is smart.
She can speak five languages.

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 12-1 USING CAN

(a) Tarifa is smart.

She can speak five languages.
(b) I have some money.
I can buy a present for my mom.
(c) You are smart. You can fix cars.

ability
can
possibility

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 12-1 USING CAN

(d) CORRECT: Thelma can ride a bike.

simple form
can of main verb

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 12-1 USING CAN

(d) CORRECT: Thelma can ride a bike.

(e) INCORRECT: Thelma can to ride a bike.

infinitive
can with to

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 12-1 USING CAN

(d) CORRECT: Thelma can ride a bike.

(e) INCORRECT: Thelma can to ride a bike.

(f) INCORRECT: Thelma can rides a bike.

can main verb final -s

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 12-1 USING CAN

(g) Rajiv can not snowboard.

Rajiv cannot snowboard.
Rajiv cant snowboard.

NEGATIVE:
can + not = can not or cannot
CONTRACTION:
can + not = cant
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12-1 Lets Practice

can
A dog ___
can swim. cant

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12-1 Lets Practice

can
cant read.
A kitten ____ cant

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12-1 Lets Practice

can
cant

cant dance.
A butterfly ____

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 12-2 PRONUNCIATION OF CAN AND CANT

Jonas can come to school with us.

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 12-2 PRONUNCIATION OF CAN AND CANT

(a) Jonas can come to school with us.

Can pronounced kun /kn/

(b) Liv cant come to school with us.

Cant pronounced as ant /knt/

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 12-2 Lets Practice

can
cant

Fish ____
can swim.
Fish cant
____ fly.

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 12-2 Lets Practice

can
cant
cant roar.
Giraffes ____
Lions can
___ roar.

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12-3 USING CAN: QUESTIONS

Alia can speak Farsi.

Can you speak Farsi?

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 12-3 USING CAN: QUESTIONS

CAN + SUBJECT + MAIN

VERB
(a) Can you speak Farsi?
Yes, I can.
No, I cant.
(b) Can Ida drive?
Yes, she can.
No, she cant.

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 12-3 USING CAN: QUESTIONS

QUESTION + CAN + SUBJECT + MAIN

WORD VERB

(c) Where can I walk my dog?

In the park.

(d) When can we bake cookies?

On Saturday.

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 12-3 Lets Practice

Inga can jump rope.

_________
Can Inga`
jump rope
________? Yes,
__________.
she can

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 12-3 Lets Practice

Ari cant play the violin.

Can
_________
Ari play
the
________?
violin No, he cant
__________.

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 12-3 Lets Practice

I can bake a cake.

___________
Can you bake
a cake
__________? Yes, I can
_________.

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 12-4 USING KNOW HOW TO

They know how to dance very well.

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 12-4 USING KNOW HOW TO

(a) They can dance.

same
(b) They know how to dance. meaning

(c) Can you dance?

same
meaning
(d) Do you know how to dance?

know how to expresses ability

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 12-4 Lets Practice

__________
Do you know
Yes, I
_________?
how to knit
do.
.

know how to
knit

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 12-4 Lets Practice

Do you know how

______________ Yes,
to play golf
____________? I do.
.

play golf

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 12-4 Lets Practice

___________
Do you know
___________
how to get to get to the library
__________?
the library

No,
I dont.
.

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 12-5 USING COULD: PAST OF CAN

I was in Maine last summer.

I could eat lobster every day.

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 12-5 USING COULD: PAST OF CAN

(a) I am in Maine.
I can eat lobster every day.

(b) I was in Maine last year.

I could eat lobster every day when
I was there.

could = past form of can

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 12-5 USING COULD: PAST OF CAN

(c) I cant watch TV this afternoon.

I have to do my laundry.
(d) I could not watch TV last Friday.
I couldnt Iwatch
had toTV
do last
my laundry.
Friday.

NEGATIVE
could + not = couldnt

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 12-5 USING COULD: PAST OF CAN

(e) Could you get to class before 9:00?

QUESTION
could + subject + main verb

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 12-5 Lets Practice

could couldnt
Last year we went to Thailand.
We _______
could go swimming every day

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 12-5 Lets Practice

could
couldnt

couldnt fix the

I _______
heater because I didnt
have the right tools.

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 12-5 Lets Practice

could couldnt

couldnt use the blue

I _______
blanket because it
was dirty.

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12-6 USING BE ABLE TO

I am able to read very fast.

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 12-6 USING BE ABLE TO

PRESENT

(a) I am able to read very fast. same

meaning
(b) I can read very fast.

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 12-6 USING BE ABLE TO

FUTURE
(c) You will be able to go
same
home Monday.
meaning
(d) You can go home Monday.

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 12-6 USING BE ABLE TO

PAST
(e) I wasnt able to watch a
movie last Saturday. same
meaning
(f) I couldnt watch a movie
last Saturday.

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12-6 Lets Practice

Jen is deaf.
She can use sign language.

be able to

Jen is deaf.
She ________
is able to use sign language.

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12-6 Lets Practice

He couldnt finish his work.

be able to
not

wasnt able to finish his work.

He ___________

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 12-6 Lets Practice

Goldfish cant sing.

be able to
not

arent able to sing.

Goldfish ___________

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12-7 USING VERY AND TOO + ADJECTIVE

The homework is very long,

but you can do it.

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 12-7 USING VERY AND TOO + ADJECTIVE

(a) The paper is very long, but you can do it.

(b) The paper is too long. You cant do it.
(c) The line is very long, but I can wait.
(d) The line is too long. I cant wait.

very too
very long = difficult but possible
too long = impossible
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 12-7 USING VERY AND TOO + ADJECTIVE

(e) The line is too long. NEGATIVE RESULT:

I cant wait.

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 12-7 USING VERY AND TOO + ADJECTIVE

(f) These pants are too tight.

NEGATIVE RESULT:
I cant wear them.

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 12-7 Lets Practice

too very

That mountain The mountain is

too high. He
is ___ very high, but he
____
cant climb it. can climb it.
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 12-7 Lets Practice

too
very

The race is ____

very The race is ___
too
long, but he can long. He cant
finish it. finish it.
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 12-7 Lets Practice

too
very

cant
can

The homework is The homework is

___
too difficult. She ____
very difficult, but
cant do it.
____ she ____
can do it.
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 CONTENTS

13-1 Using should

13-2 Using have + infinitive (have to/has to)
13-3 Using must
13-4 Polite questions: may I, could I, and can I
13-5 Polite questions: could you and would you
13-6 Modal auxiliaries
13-7 Summary chart: modal auxiliaries and similar
13-1 USING SHOULD

My hair is very long.

I should cut it.

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 13-1 USING SHOULD

(a) My hair is very long. I should cut it.

(b) Allen is hungry. He should eat lunch.
(c) You are tired. You should go home.

should = This is a good idea.

(advice)

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 13-1 USING SHOULD

(d) I
You
She
He should go.
It
We
They

should + simple form of verb

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 13-1 USING SHOULD

(d) He should go.

He should goes.?

He should to go.?

should + simple form of verb

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 13-1 USING SHOULD

(e) You should not go out in the rain.

You will get wet.
(f) You shouldnt go out in the rain.

NEGATIVE: should not

CONTRACTION: should + not = shouldnt

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 13-1 Lets Practice

wash them try harder

call your mother learn to drive
go to the library stop smoking

Your books are due.

You should ______________.

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 13-1 Lets Practice

wash them try harder

call your mother learn to drive
go to the library stop smoking

Your clothes are dirty.

You should ___________.

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 13-1 Lets Practice

wash them try harder

call your mother learn to drive
go to the library stop smoking

Smoking is not healthy.

You should _____________.

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 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

People need to drink water.

People have to drink water.

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 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(a) People need to drink water.

same
(b) People have to drink water. meaning

(c) Lance needs to work.

same
(d) Lance has to work. meaning

have + infinitive = need

58
 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(e) I had to work yesterday.

PAST FORM: had + infinitive

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 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(f) Does she have to work tonight?

(g) What time do you have to work?

(h) Why did you have to work today?

QUESTION FORM:
do, does, did used with have to

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 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(i) I dont have to work today.

He doesnt have to go home.
(j) The bus was early.
We didnt have to wait.

NEGATIVE FORM:
dont, doesnt, didnt
used with have to
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 13-2 Lets Practice

What do you have to do next week?

(click and type)

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 13-2 Lets Practice

What did you have to do

for homework yesterday?

(click and type)

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 13-3 USING MUST

People must sleep.

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 13-3 USING MUST

People need sleep.

(a) People have to sleep. same
(b) People must sleep. meaning

must sleep = have to sleep

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 13-3 USING MUST

(c) I They must studies. ?

You
She
He must study.
It
We They must to study. ?
They

must + simple form of a verb

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 13-3 USING MUST

(d) You must not drink coffee

if you want to fall asleep.

must not = no choice

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 13-3 USING MUST

(e) You dont have to come

to my party if you dont
have time.

dont have to = you have a choice

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 13-3 USING MUST

MUST SHOULD
very important good idea
necessary not necessary
no choice choice
(f) I must sleep tonight.
I have a test tomorrow.
(g) I should sleep tonight,
but I want to watch TV.
(h) He must get a passport.
He is going abroad. (i) He should get a passport.
He may go abroad.
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 13-3 USING MUST

MUST SHOULD
very important good idea
necessary not necessary
no choice choice
(j) You must take an umbrella.
It is raining very hard.
(k) You should take an
umbrella. It might rain.

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 13-3 Lets Practice

must +
go to the zoo practice every day
take this medicine go to medical school
study mathematics speak English

My doctor says I must

___________________.
take this medicine

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 13-3 Lets Practice

must +
go to the zoo practice every day
take this medicine go to medical school
study mathematics wash your clothes

To become a doctor you _________

must go to

medical school
_____________.

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 13-3 Lets Practice

should +
go to the zoo practice every day
take this medicine go to medical school
study mathematics wash it

should wash it
Your car is dirty. You _____________.

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13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

May I borrow your eraser?

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 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

(a) May I borrow your eraser?

(b) Could I borrow your eraser? same

meaning
(asking
(c) Can I borrow your eraser? nicely)

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 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

(d) May I borrow

please your eraser?
(e) Could I borrow
please your eraser?
(f) Can I borrow
please your eraser?

please polite questions

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 13-4 Lets Practice

I need to May I
borrow a Can I
pencil. Could I
May I borrow
___________
__________?
your pencil
Sure.

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 13-4 Lets Practice

I need to May I
borrow some Can I
Can I borrow
___________ paper. Could I
__________?
some paper
Sure.

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 13-4 Lets Practice

May I
I need to use Can I
her dictionary. Could I
_____________
Could I use
____________?
your dictionary
Sure.

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 13-5 POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND
WOULD YOU

Could you please come with us?

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 13-5 POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND
WOULD YOU

(a) Could you (please) come with us?

(b) Would you (please) come with us?

Could you (please) same

meaning
Would you (please)

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 13-5 POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND
WOULD YOU

TYPICAL RESPONSES
(c) Yes, of course.
(d) Certainly.
(e) Id be glad to.
(f) Id be happy to.
(g) Sure. informal
(h) No problem.
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 13-5 Lets Practice

I wish she Could you

Could you
__________ would turn Would you
__________
turn down down that
_________?
that music music. Sure.

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 13-5 Lets Practice

I wish she Could you

Would you
__________
would turn Would you
__________
turn down
down that
_________?
that music Yes, of
music.
course.

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 13-6 MODAL AUXILIARIES

Yazid can make bread.

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 13-6 MODAL AUXILIARIES

can
could
may
(a) Yazid might make bread.
must
should
will

modal auxiliary = a helping verb

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 13-6 MODAL AUXILIARIES

is able to
(b) Ben is going to make bread.
has to

similar to modal auxiliaries

87
 13-6 Lets Practice

to or X ?
He is not going __
to the dance.

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 13-6 Lets Practice

to or X ?
___
Can she X sing very well?

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13-6 Lets Practice

to or X ?

Ruth is able __
to help.

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13-7 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

She can cook.

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 13-7 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE

ability She can cook.
(a) can
polite Can you please
question make me dinner?

past ability I couldnt see it.

(b) could
polite Could you please
question show me?

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 13-7 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE

possibility It may snow.
(c) may
polite May we see the
question menu?
(d) might possibility It might snow.

(e) must necessity You must

leave now.

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 13-7 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE

(f) should advisability You should read
(good idea) this book.

(g) will future You will enjoy

happening this book.

(h) would polite Would you

question please call me?

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 13-7 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE

(i) be able to ability Im not able to
finish this work.
(j) be going to future I am going to
happening study more.

(k) have to/has necessity You have to

work harder.
(l) had to past I had to study
necessity so much!
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 13-7 Lets Practice

Name something you will do today.

(click and type)

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 13-7 Lets Practice

You need to borrow something from

your teacher.
Ask a polite question with may.

(click and type)

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 PHOTO CREDITS

Images used under license from:

Shutterstock, Inc.
Clipart.com

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