2D Drawing Representation

Chapter 5
 Objectives

Represent curved surfaces in multiview

drawings
Show intersections and tangencies of
curved and planar surfaces
Represent common types of holes
Show fillets, rounds, and runout in a 2D
drawing

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Objectives (cont.)

Use partial views

Apply revolution conventions when
necessary for clarity
Draw removed views and projected
views
Show right and left hand parts

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 Objectives (cont.)

Project curved surfaces by points

Show and label an enlarged detail
Show conventional breaks

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 Common Manufactured Features

Certain features are part of many

engineering designs
Learning their names and shapes helps
you visualize and communicate about
them

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 Common Manufactured Features

Fillet a rounded interior blend

between surfaces
Round a rounded exterior blend
between surfaces
Counterbore a cylindrical recess
around a hole, usually to receive a bolt
head or nut

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 Common Manufactured Features

Countersink a conical-shaped recess

around a hole, often used to receive a
tapered screw head
Spotface a shallow recess like a
counterbore used to provide a good
bearing surface for a fastener
Boss a short raised protrusion above
the surface of a part

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 Common Manufactured Features

Lug a flat or rounded tab protruding

from a surface usually to provide a
method for attachment
Flange a flattened collar or rim
around a cylindrical part to allow for
attachment
Chamfer an angled surface used on
cylinders to make them easier to handle

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 Common Manufactured Features

Neck a small groove cut around the

diameter of a cylinder, often where it
changes diameter
Keyway/Keyseat a shaped depression
cut along the axis of a cylinder or hub
to receive a key, used to attach parts to
a cylinder so they wont turn on it

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 Common Manufactured Features

Knurl a pattern form on a surface to

provide for better gripping or more
surface area for attachment
Bushing a hollow cylinder that is often
used as a protective sleeve or guide or
as a bearing

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 Common Manufactured Features

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 Conventional Representations

Standard orthographic projections dont

always show complex shapes as clearly
and simply as you may wish
Simplified conventional representations
that deviate from true orthographic
projection may be used to enhance
economy and clarity in a drawing

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 Intersections and Tangencies

A plane surface can intersect or be

tangent to a contoured surface
When a plane intersects a contoured
surface, a line is drawn to represent
that edge
When a plane surface is tangent to a
contoured surface, no line or a thin
phantom line is drawn

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Intersections and Tangencies

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 Removed Views

It is not always possible to show all of

the drawing views in alignment on a
sheet
When this is the case, a removed view
can be used and is indicated by:
A viewing indicator arrow showing direction
of sight or
A viewing plane line
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 Removed Views

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 Intersections and Tangencies

Where a curved surface is tangent to a

plane surface, no line is drawn
When a curved surface intersects a
plane surface, an edge is formed

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 Intersections and Tangencies

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 Intersections of Cylinders

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 Runouts

Small curves called runouts are used to

represent fillets that connect with plane
surfaces tangent to cylinders

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 Conventional Edges

Because the true projection may be

misleading, there is a conventional way
of showing rounded and filleted edges
for the sake of clarity

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 Partial Views

A view may not need to be complete in

order to clearly describe an object
If the view is symmetrical, you can draw a
half-view on one side of the centerline

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 Showing Enlarged Details

Enlarged views
may be added
that show details
at a larger scale

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 Conventional Breaks

To shorten the view of a long object,

you can use break lines

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 Alignment of Views

Always draw views in a standard

arrangement to be sure that the
drawings are not misinterpreted
The front view should show the shape
of the object clearly

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 Removed Views

A removed view is a complete or partial

view removed to another place on the
sheet so it is no longer in direct
projection with any other view
Removed views show features of an object
more clearly
Be sure to label removed views and
provide a scale if necessary

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Removed Views

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 Right-hand & Left-hand Parts

Often parts function in pairs of similar

opposite parts
The two parts are mirror images and
are not interchangeable
Ordinarily, you draw only one of two
opposite parts and label them
appropriately

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 Right-hand & Left-hand Parts

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 Revolution Conventions

Regular multiview projections are

sometimes awkward, confusing, or
misleading
To prevent confusion, features may be
revolved to line up vertically and project
true length to make symmetry clear

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Revolution Conventions

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 Common Hole Features

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 Common Features

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