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Overview of Computer Systems

This document provides an overview of computer systems architecture and organization. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization is how those features are implemented. All computers have the same basic functions of data processing, storage, movement and control. The document outlines the top level structure of a computer including the central processing unit, main memory, and peripherals connected via a systems interconnection. It also describes the structure of the CPU including registers, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit.

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48 views16 pages

Overview of Computer Systems

This document provides an overview of computer systems architecture and organization. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization is how those features are implemented. All computers have the same basic functions of data processing, storage, movement and control. The document outlines the top level structure of a computer including the central processing unit, main memory, and peripherals connected via a systems interconnection. It also describes the structure of the CPU including registers, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit.

Uploaded by

Anonymous AFFiZn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Part I

Overview of Computer Systems


Chapter 1

Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1
Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
put another way, those attributes that have a direct
impact on the logical execution of a program.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Organization is how these features are
implemented
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
The IBM System/370 family share the
same basic architecture

This gives code compatibility


At least backwards
Organization differs between different
versions
Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other
Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control
Functional View
Operations (a) Data movement
Operations (b) Storage
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Logic Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Logic
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory
Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
CPU Info Center
Processor Emporium
ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
Intel Technology Journal
Manufacturers sites
Intel, IBM, etc.
Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage
comp.parallel

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