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    Lecture 5 - Form Tolerances

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    Lecture 5 - Form Tolerances

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    SUNIL
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    Lecture 5- Form Tolerances.ppt

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    197 views34 pages

    Lecture 5 - Form Tolerances

    Uploaded by

    SUNIL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    5

    Form Tolerances
    Apply straightness tolerances to control surface
    elements or a derived median line (commonly
    known as axis straightness) and show the
    interpretation of those tolerances.

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Apply flatness to control a surface and show an
    interpretation of the flatness tolerance zone.
    Apply a flatness tolerance for a median plane
    and show an interpretation of the flatness
    tolerance zone.

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Apply circularity tolerances and show an
    interpretation of a circularity tolerance zone.
    Apply a cylindricity tolerance and show an
    interpretation of the cylindricity tolerance zone.

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Form Tolerance Symbols

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Form Feature Control Frame

    Has only two compartments


    Tolerance symbol
    Tolerance value
    No datum feature references

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Material Condition Modifiers

    RFS assumed
    MMC symbol must be shown when applicable
    MMC Applied when omission of MMC could
    increase cost

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Form Requirements
    from Size Limits
    Size limit controls form
    Maximum material condition (MMC), small hole
    or large shaft
    Least material condition (LMC), small shaft or
    large hole

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Rule #1

    Perfect form boundary at MMC


    As size departs from MMC, form may vary
    Perfect form not required at LMC

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Perfect Form Boundary Effect
    on Flat Surfaces

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Perfect Form Boundary Effect
    On Cylinders

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness

    Control surface elements


    Control derived median line (Axis)
    Surface line element may be called a line
    element or surface element

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness (Cont.)

    Derived median line made from midpoints


    Center line is center of feature, no variation
    Axis is line at center of actual mating envelope

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness Applied
    to Surface Elements
    Form tolerance only applied if the required
    control is smaller than the size tolerance
    Form tolerance larger than size tolerance only
    permitted with independency symbol
    Material condition modifiers not used in form
    tolerance specifications applied to surfaces

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness of Flat Surfaces

    Feature control frame with extension line or


    leader
    Direction dictated by view orientation
    Straightness does not imply parallelism

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness of
    Cylinder Surface Elements
    Variation of surface element straightness
    Feature control frame with extension line or
    leader
    Surface straightness does not control axis
    Axis straightness does not control surface

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness of
    Cone Elements
    Each cone element controlled independently
    Angle controlled by other means

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Verification of
    Surface Straightness
    Use a dial indicator
    Full indicator movement (FIM)
    Total indicator reading (TIR)
    Use a straight edge and feeler gage

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness Applied
    to Features of Size

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness to Control a
    Shaft Derived Median Line

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Bonus Tolerance

    Allowable only when MMC is applied


    Equals departure of size from MMC
    Total allowable form tolerance equals specified
    form tolerance plus bonus tolerance

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Straightness of the Derived
    Median Line of a Hole

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Overall and Unit
    Length Tolerance
    Unit length tolerance makes part easier to
    produce
    Combination of overall and unit length
    tolerances may be best approach
    Combination is specified by one feature control
    frame with upper and lower segments
    Overall limits accumulation of unit length

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Gage for Overall Straightness

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Gage for Unit
    Length Straightness

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Flatness

    No material condition modifier applicable on a


    surface
    RFS or MMC applicable on feature of size

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Flatness Applied to a Surface
    Only tolerance symbol and value
    Surface variations limited by size

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Verification of Surface Flatness

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Overall and Unit Area
    Flatness Tolerance
    Combination of overall and unit area tolerances
    may be best approach
    Combination is specified by one feature control
    frame with upper and lower segments
    Overall controls accumulation of unit area

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Flatness Tolerance Applied to
    a Derived Median Plane
    Feature control frame placed adjacent to
    dimension or on dimension line
    No leader

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Verification of Derived Median
    Plane Flatness

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Circularity Applied to a
    Cylindrical Surface
    Only applied as a control of surface form
    No material condition modifier
    Tolerance zone between two concentric circles
    Applies at each cross section

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Circularity Applied to a Cone

    Only applied as a control of surface form


    No material condition modifier
    Tolerance zone between two concentric circles
    Applies at each cross section
    Does not control the angle

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.


    Cylindricity

    Applicable to shaft or hole


    Is combination of circularity and straightness
    Two concentric cylinders create boundary

    GD&T: Application and Interpretation Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

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