Properties of Matter Powerpoint

Properties of
Matter
Ch. 15 - Section 2
Physical Properties
Any characteristic of a material that you can see without changing the
identity of the substances that make up the material is a physical
property
Examples of physical properties include:
Color
Shape
Size
Density
Appearance
The appearance of substances is a physical property
You can measure some physical properties as well
Diameter of a ball
Behavior
Some physical characteristics describe the behavior of a material or
substance
Attraction to a magnet is a physical characteristic of iron (Fe)
What are some of the physical
properties of the object below?
Turn to your shoulder
partner and think of
some physical
properties of the water
in this bottle.
Separating Mixtures
The best way to separate a mixture depends on their physical
properties
Ex. Size is often used to separate substances
Physical Changes
A change in size, shape, or state of matter is a physical change
Could involve energy change, but the identity or type of substance

does NOT change
Ex. Iron can change states from a solid to a liquid at a very high
temperature. Color changed can also accompany this physical change.
When iron is heated, it glow red. If more heat is added, it can turn
white.
Using Physical Changes
Areas close to the ocean get drinking water by using physical
properties to separate the water from the salt
One of these methods is distillation and it uses the boiling point of
water to separate
Distillation
The process of separating substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and
recondensing its vapor. Usually done in a lab with an apparatus similar to this:
Two liquids in a mixture with
different boiling points
Mixture is heated slowly until it
begins to boil
Vapors of the liquid with the
lowest boiling point form first and
are condensed and collected
Then, the temperature is
increased until the second liquid
boils, condenses, and is
collected
Chemical Properties and Chemical
Changes
Flammability, or the tendency of a substance to burn, is a chemical
property because burning produces new substances during a chemical
change
A chemical property is any characteristic of a material that you can
observe that produces one or more new substances
Detecting Chemical Change
If you overcook something and it burns, that burnt odor is telling you
that a new substance has formed
A change of one substance to another is a chemical change
Heat, cooling, bubbles, or solids forming in liquids are all indicators

that a reaction is taking place
The ONLY true proof that there has been a chemical change is if a new
substance is produced
Burning and rusting are chemical changes because new substances
form
Using chemical changes
You can separate substances using a chemical change when you are cleaning
tarnished silver
Tarnish is a chemical reaction between silver metal and sulfur compounds in the air which
result in silver sulfide
You dont usually separate substances using chemical changes in the home, but
in the industry, and chemical laboratories, this kind of separation is common
Weathering
The forces of nature continuously shape Earths surface (rocks split, canyons,
sand dunes, limestone formations. Are these changes physical or chemical?
Physical Weathering
Large rocks can split when water seeps into small cracks, freezes, and
expands
However, the smaller pieces of the newly exposed rock still have
the same properties as the original rock. So it is a physical change
Chemical Weathering
Solid calcium carbonate, a compound found in limestone, doesnt dissolve
easily in water.
When the water is slightly acidic, the calcium carbonate reacts
It changes into a new substance which DOES dissolve in water

The Conservation of Mass
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of all substances that are
present before a chemical change, known as the reactants, equals the mass of all
the substances that remain after the change, which are called the products.
Mass of reactants = Mass of products

Calculate total mass of product
When hydrogen reacts with chlorine, the only product is hydrochloric acid. If 18 g
of hydrogen react completely with 633 g of chlorine, how many grams of
hydrochloric acid are formed?
Mass of H = 18 g
Mass of Cl = 633 g
HCl = ?
If mass of reactants = mass of products, then
18 g + 633 g = 651 g
What would we do if we needed to find out how much Hydrogen there was?

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Properties of

You can measure some physical properties as well

Could involve energy change, but the identity or type of substance

Heat, cooling, bubbles, or solids forming in liquids are all indicators

When the water is slightly acidic, the calcium carbonate reacts

It changes into a new substance which DOES dissolve in water

Mass of reactants = Mass of products

If mass of reactants = mass of products, then

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