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Units and Measurement: Chemistry Mrs. Coyle

This document discusses units and measurement in chemistry. It introduces the International System of Units (SI) which includes fundamental units like meters, kilograms, and seconds. It also discusses scientific notation, prefixes, accuracy and precision, significant figures, and methods for unit conversion. Key topics covered are the SI base units, derived units, temperature scales, and the factor-label method for dimensional analysis and unit conversions.

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Nurtri Nunu
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77 views44 pages

Units and Measurement: Chemistry Mrs. Coyle

This document discusses units and measurement in chemistry. It introduces the International System of Units (SI) which includes fundamental units like meters, kilograms, and seconds. It also discusses scientific notation, prefixes, accuracy and precision, significant figures, and methods for unit conversion. Key topics covered are the SI base units, derived units, temperature scales, and the factor-label method for dimensional analysis and unit conversions.

Uploaded by

Nurtri Nunu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Units and

Measurement

Chemistry
Mrs. Coyle
A) SI Units, Scientific Notation,
Measurement, Accuracy, Precision,
Error
Math and Units
Math- the language of Science
SI Units International System
MKS
Meter m

Mass kg

Time s

National Bureau of Standards


Prefixes
SI Unit Prefixes
Name Symbol
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- 10-6
nano- n 10-9
pico- p 10-12
Scientific Notation

Mx 10n

M is the coefficient 1<M<10


10 is the base
n is the exponent or power of 10
Other Examples:
5.45E+6

5.45 x 10^6
Numbers less than 1 will have a
negative exponent.

A millionth of a second is:

0.000001 sec 1x10-6


1.0E-6 1.0x10^-6
Limits of Measurement

Accuracy and Precision


Accuracy - a measure of how
close a measurement is to the
true value of the quantity being
measured.
Example: Accuracy
Who is more accurate when
measuring a book that has a true
length of 17.0cm?
Susan:
17.0cm, 16.0cm, 18.0cm, 15.0cm

Amy:
15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, 15.3cm
Precision a measure of how
close a series of measurements
are to one another. A measure of
how exact a measurement is.
Example: Precision
Who is more precise when measuring
the same 17.0cm book?

Susan:
17.0cm, 16.0cm, 18.0cm, 15.0cm

Amy:
15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, 15.3cm
Example: Evaluate whether the
following are precise, accurate or
both.

Accurate Not Accurate Accurate


Not Precise Precise Precise
Error

Error= experimental accepted value


Percent Error

% Error= |experimental accepted| x100


accepted value
B) Significant Figures
Significant Figures

The significant figures in a


measurement include all of the
digits that are known, plus one
last digit that is estimated.
Centimeters and Millimeters
Graduated Cylinder - Meniscus
How many sig figs are there in a
given measurement?
Sig Figs
When the decimal is present, start counting
from the left.

When the decimal is absent, start counting


from the right.

Zeroes encountered before a non zero digit


do not count.
How many sig figs?
100 10302.00

0.001

10302 1.0302x104
Sig Figs in Addition/Subtraction

The result has the same number of


decimal places as the number in the
operation with the least decimal
places.
Ex: 2.33 cm
+3.0 cm
5.3 cm
Sig Figs in Multiplication/Division

The answer has the same sig figs as


the factor with the least sig figs.
Ex: 3.22 cm
x 2.0 cm
6.4 cm2
Counting Numbers

Counting numbers have infinite sig


figs.

Ex: 3 apples
C) International System of Units
and
Prefixes
Base SI Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of mole mol
Substance
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Electric Current ampere a
Derived SI Units (examples)
Quantity unit Symbol
Volume cubic meter m3
Density kilograms per kg/m3
cubic meter
Speed meter per second m/s
Newton kg m/ s2 N
Energy Joule (kg m2/s2) J
Pressure Pascal (kg/(ms2) Pa
Units for Volume
m3

cm3 1 dm3 = 1L

dm3 1cm3= 1mL


L Liter

mL
Temperature

A measure of how hot or how cold an


object is.

SI Unit: the kelvin (K)

Note:not a degree
Absolute Zero= 0 K
Temperature Scales
Celsius and Kelvin

K= oC + 273
Farenheit and Celsius

oF= (1.8 oC ) +32


Unit for Weight

1 Newton

1 N= kg m/s2
Units for Energy
Joule J

calorie 1 cal= 4.184 J

1 cal = quantity of heat needed to raise


the temp of 1g of water by 1 oC.
Note:

1 Cal = 1kcal =1000cal


SI Unit Prefixes
Name Symbol
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- 10-6
nano- n 10-9
pico- p 10-12
SI Unit Prefixes for Length
Name Symbol Analogy
gigameter Gm 109
megameter Mm 106
kilometer km 103
decimeter dm 10-1
centimeter cm 10-2
millimeter mm 10-3
micrometer m 10-6
nanometer nm 10-9
picometer pm 10-12
D)
Factor Label Method of Unit
Conversion-
Dimensional Analysis
Factor-Label Method

Example: Convert 5km to m:

NEW UNIT
5km x 1,000m =5,000m
km
OLD UNIT
Convert 7,000m to km

7,000m x 1 km = 7 km
1,000m
Convert 2.45cs to s

2.45cs x 1s = 0.0245s
100cs
Convert 55.00 km/h to m/s
55.00 km x 1000 m x 1 h___ = 15.28m/s
h 1 km 3600 s

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