By: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Shafiek Yaacob

This document provides an introduction to computer programming concepts and languages. It discusses how computers work, basic computer hardware components, memory, binary numbers, programming languages like C and MATLAB. The document also explains the structure of a C program, the processes of compiling, linking and executing a program.

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By: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Shafiek Yaacob

Uploaded by

Mohamed Jama

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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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by:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Shafiek Yaacob
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his course formally introduces the concept of

Ô °omputers, algorithms, problem solving, and
programming languages.
Ô he two programming languages introduced
in this course are ° and MA AB.
°

By the end of the course, the students should be able

to :
Ô develop programming concept, flow chart and
algorithm for solving a given computational process.
Ô write an appropriate ° program for solving a given
engineering problem.
Ô write an appropriate MA AB program for solving a
given engineering problem
Ô generate a graphical solution and representation of a
given engineering problem
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Ô A computer is a machine that stores information, and

can perform mathematical computations at great
speed.
Ô A program, which is stored in computer¶s memory, is
a group of instructions that tells the computer what
sequence of computations are required and on
which information to perform the computations.
Ô When a program is executed , a set of information
called the input data is processed to produced the
desired results known as the output data.
G G°

Ô °entral Processing Unit (°PU)

- Arithmetic logic unit
- °ontrol unit
- Internal memory
Ô Input/Output devices
Ô Main memory
Ô Secondary memory

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Ô °omputer memories are composed of millions of

individual switches, each of which can be ON or
OFF.
Ô Each switch represents one binary digit (also called
a bit).
Ô A byte is a group of 8 bits that are grouped to
represent a binary number.
Ô A larger grouping of bits is called a word.

Most of the time, the fact that computers work with

binary numbers is irrelevant to the programmer.
(Give one example of the simplest computer)
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Ô °omputer executes a program/operations in simple

binary pattern, called operation code (op code).
Ô Op codes are collectively called machine language.
Ô Programmers like to program with high-level
languages:
- Basic
- Pascal
- Fortran
- °/°
- MA AB
- Java
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Ô ° is a general-purpose, structured programming

language.
Ô ° resembles other high-level programming
languages, and it also allows low-level programming.
Ô ° has relatively small instruction set, but include
extensive library functions.
Ô ° compilers are usually compact, and ° interpreters
are becoming increasingly common.
Ô ° programs are highly portable.
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Ô Every ° program consists of one or more modules

called Ounctions.
Ô One of the function must be called Ô
Ô Each function must contain:
- A function r ading
- A list of argument d clarations
- A compound stat m nt
Ô Each compound statement is enclosed by
Ô Each expression statement must end with a X
Ô °omments are placed within the delimiters D and D
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Ô Before a program can be executed, it must be

compiled into an object code with a compiler.
Ô hen the object code must be linked with the
computer¶s system libraries to produce an
executable program.
Ô he detail of compiling and linking are different for
every compiler and operating system.

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