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Signals & Systems: Group of Instructors, Eee & Ece BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

The document discusses various properties of the Fourier transform, including the symmetry property, scaling property, time-shifting property, and frequency-shifting property. The symmetry property states that if a signal's Fourier transform is F(ω), the Fourier transform of the time-reversed signal is 2πf(-ω). The scaling property states that compressing or expanding a signal in the time domain results in expanding or compressing its frequency spectrum respectively. The time-shifting and frequency-shifting properties relate how shifting a signal in time or modulating it with a sinusoid affects its Fourier transform. Examples are provided to illustrate these properties.

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70 views28 pages

Signals & Systems: Group of Instructors, Eee & Ece BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

The document discusses various properties of the Fourier transform, including the symmetry property, scaling property, time-shifting property, and frequency-shifting property. The symmetry property states that if a signal's Fourier transform is F(ω), the Fourier transform of the time-reversed signal is 2πf(-ω). The scaling property states that compressing or expanding a signal in the time domain results in expanding or compressing its frequency spectrum respectively. The time-shifting and frequency-shifting properties relate how shifting a signal in time or modulating it with a sinusoid affects its Fourier transform. Examples are provided to illustrate these properties.

Uploaded by

LalitSisodia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Signals

&
Systems

Group of Instructors,
EEE & ECE
BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad campus
September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 1
Properties
of
Fourier Transforms

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 2


Symmetry Property
f (t ) F ( ) then
It states that if
F (t ) 2f ( )

1

jt
Proof : f (t ) F ( )e d
2

Replace t with -t

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 3


Symmetry Property

2f (t ) F ( )e jt d

Now we let t and t, we have


2f () F (t )e jt dt

f (t ) F ( ) then
F (t ) 2f ( )

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 4


Example

t
(1) If rect sinc
2

t
Then Sinc ?
2

Use Symmetry Property

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 5


Solution
t
rect sin c then

2
f (t ) F ( )

t
sin c 2 rect 2 rect
2
F (t ) 2 f ( )

Since rect ( x) is an even function.

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 6


September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 7
A constant (dc) signal and its
Fourier Spectrum
F(j)
(t)
1
F
t
0 0

F(j)

A A2()

F
t
0 0

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 8


The Scaling Property

If f (t ) F ( )
then, for any real constant a,
1
f (at ) F
a a
September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 9
The Scaling Property
we know that
FT f (t )

F ( ) f (t )e jt dt

Proof :
For a positive real constant , a 0,
FTf at

j t
f (at )e dt

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 10


The Scaling Property
1
dt f ( x)e
jt j ( / a ) x
f (at )e dx
a
1
F F
1
a a a

Similarly for a 0,
1
f (at ) F
a a

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 11


The Scaling Property

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 12


Significance of Scaling Property
Time compression of a signal results in its
spectral expansion.

Compression in time by a factor a means that


the signal is varying rapidly by the same factor.
To synthesize the signal, the frequencies of its
sinusoidal components must be increased by a
factor a.

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 13


Time expansion of the signal results in its
spectral compression.
Signal expanded in time varies slowly. To
synthesize the signal frequencies of its sinusoidal
components are lowered, implying that its
frequency spectrum is compressed.
Thus if signal is wider then its spectrum is
narrower and vice versa.
Doubling the signal duration halves its bandwidth
and vice versa.
September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 14
Time-Frequency
Inversion Property
For a 1,

f (at) f (t ) F ( )

This is called time and Frequency inversion property.

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 15


Example

Find the Fourier tr ansforms of


1) e u (t )
at

using time and frequency - inversion property

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 16


Solution

at 1
(1) e u (t )
a j
Using time and frequency inversion property
f (t ) F ( )
1
e u (t )
at
for a 0
a j

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 17


Time Shifting Property

If f (t ) F ( ), then from time - shifting property

f (t t0 ) F ( )e jt0

The dual of this property (the frequency - shifting property)


states that :

f (t )e j0t F ( 0 )

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 18


Time-Shifting Property
If f (t ) F ( )
then, Show that f (t t0 ) F e jt 0

Delaying a signal by t0 seconds does not change


its amplitude spectrum. The phase spectrum is
changed by t0. Linear Phase shift

Higher frequencies get higher phase shift

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 19


Time-Shifting Property

Prove That :

FT[ f (t to )] f (t to )e jt dt

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 20


Problem on Time-Shifting Property

a t t 0
Find the Fourier Transform of e

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 21


a t t 0 a t
e is time shifted signal of e
a t 2a
e 2
a 2

Using time shifting property


a t t 0 2a jt 0
e 2 e
a 2

Draw its amplitude and phase spectrum


September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 22
September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 23
Frequency-Shifting Property

If f (t ) F ( )
then, f (t )e jo t
F o

Proof :
jot
Hint : FT[f(t) e ]

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 24


Modulation of a signal in
communication

Find FT of f (t ) cos ot
1
f (t ) cos ot [ f (t )e jot f (t )e jot ]
2
1
then, f (t ) cos ot [ F ( o ) F ( o )]
2

September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 25


September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 26
September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 27
September 10, 2017 Signals & Systems 28

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