Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1K views

    Dna Replication

    Uploaded by

    Jerric Cristobal
    DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. It involves enzymes that unwind and separate the double-stranded DNA, add nucleotides to form new strands that are complementary to the original strands, and then join the new strands together. Specifically, helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands in the 5' to 3' direction by adding nucleotides, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together to form two double-stranded DNA molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dna Replication

    Uploaded by

    Jerric Cristobal
    1K views26 pages
    DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. It involves enzymes that unwind and separate the double-stranded DNA, add nucleotides to form new strands that are complementary to the original strands, and then join the new strands together. Specifically, helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands in the 5' to 3' direction by adding nucleotides, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together to form two double-stranded DNA molecules.

    Original Description:

    f

    Original Title

    Dna Replication Ppt (2)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. It involves enzymes that unwind and separate the double-stranded DNA, add nucleotides to form new strands that are complementary to the original strands, and then join the new strands together. Specifically, helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands in the 5' to 3' direction by adding nucleotides, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together to form two double-stranded DNA molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views26 pages

    Dna Replication

    Uploaded by

    Jerric Cristobal
    DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. It involves enzymes that unwind and separate the double-stranded DNA, add nucleotides to form new strands that are complementary to the original strands, and then join the new strands together. Specifically, helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands in the 5' to 3' direction by adding nucleotides, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together to form two double-stranded DNA molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    DNA Replication

    Use to navigate.

    DNA REPLICATION
    DNA Replication
    Use to navigate.

    DNA REPLICATION
    What is DNA replication?

    DNA replication
    the process by which DNA makes a copy of
    itself during cell division.

    i the biological process of producing two


    identical replicas of DNA from one
    original DNAmolecule.
    NA Replication
    Use to navigate.
    Replication Enzymes

    Enzymes that participate in the eukaryotic DNA


    replication process include:
    1. DNA helicase - unwinds and separates
    double stranded DNA as it moves along the
    DNA.
    2. Primase - RNA polymerase that generates
    RNA primers. Primers act as templates for
    the starting point of DNA replication.
    3. DNA polymerases - synthesize new DNA
    molecules by adding nucleotides to leading
    and lagging DNA strands.
    4. Topoisomerase - unwinds and rewinds DNA
    strands to prevent the DNA from becoming
    tangled or supercoiled.
    5. Exonucleases - group of enzymes that
    remove nucleotide bases from the end of a
    DNA chain.
    6. DNA ligase - joins DNA fragments together by
    forming phosphodiester bonds between
    nucleotides.
    The Process of DNA Replication
    1. The first step in DNA replication is to
    unzip the double helix structure of
    the DNA molecule.
    This is carried out by an enzyme called
    helicase which breaks the hydrogen
    bonds holding
    the complementary bases of DNA
    together (A with T, C with G).
    The separation of the two single strands
    of DNA creates a Y shape called a
    replication fork. The two separated
    strands will act as templates for making
    the new strands of DNA.
    One of the strands is oriented in the 3 to 5
    direction (towards the replication fork), this is
    the leading strand. The other strand is
    oriented in the 5 to 3 direction (away from
    the replication fork), this is the lagging strand.
    As a result of their different orientations, the
    two strands are replicated differently:
    Leading Strand:

    A short piece of RNA called


    a primer (produced by an enzyme called
    primase) comes along and binds to the
    end of the leading strand. The primer
    acts as the starting point for DNA
    synthesis.
    DNA polymerase binds to the leading
    strand and then walks along it, adding
    new complementary nucleotide bases (A,
    C, G and T) to the strand of DNA in the 5
    to 3 direction.
    This sort of replication is called
    continuous.
    Lagging strand:

    Numerous RNA primers are made by the


    primase enzyme and bind at various
    points along the lagging strand.
    Chunks of DNA, called Okazaki
    fragments, are then added to the lagging
    strand also in the 5 to 3 direction.
    This type of replication is called
    discontinuous as the Okazaki fragments
    will need to be joined up later.
    Once all of the bases are matched up (A
    with T, C with G), an enzyme called
    exonuclease strips away the primer(s).
    The gaps where the primer(s) were are
    then filled by yet more complementary
    nucleotides.
    The new strand is proofread to make
    sure there are no mistakes in the new
    DNA sequence.
    Finally, an enzyme called DNA ligase seals
    up the sequence of DNA into two
    continuous double strands.
    The result of DNA replication is two DNA
    molecules consisting of one new and one
    old chain of nucleotides. This is why DNA
    replication is described as semi-
    conservative, half of the chain is part of
    the original DNA molecule, half is brand
    new.
    Following replication the new DNA
    automatically winds up into a double
    helix.

    You might also like