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    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Rachel Mcateer Bme 281

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    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate neurons in the brain. It can be used diagnostically to map brain activity and locate tumors, and therapeutically to treat conditions like depression. TMS works by inducing electric currents in the brain via a rapidly changing magnetic field generated near the scalp by coils. Common side effects are minor but risks include seizures. While promising results have been seen, research on TMS is still developing and FDA approval is currently only for treating major depressive disorder.

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    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Rachel Mcateer Bme 281

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    ANTolani
    64 views12 pages
    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate neurons in the brain. It can be used diagnostically to map brain activity and locate tumors, and therapeutically to treat conditions like depression. TMS works by inducing electric currents in the brain via a rapidly changing magnetic field generated near the scalp by coils. Common side effects are minor but risks include seizures. While promising results have been seen, research on TMS is still developing and FDA approval is currently only for treating major depressive disorder.

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    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate neurons in the brain. It can be used diagnostically to map brain activity and locate tumors, and therapeutically to treat conditions like depression. TMS works by inducing electric currents in the brain via a rapidly changing magnetic field generated near the scalp by coils. Common side effects are minor but risks include seizures. While promising results have been seen, research on TMS is still developing and FDA approval is currently only for treating major depressive disorder.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    64 views12 pages

    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Rachel Mcateer Bme 281

    Uploaded by

    ANTolani
    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate neurons in the brain. It can be used diagnostically to map brain activity and locate tumors, and therapeutically to treat conditions like depression. TMS works by inducing electric currents in the brain via a rapidly changing magnetic field generated near the scalp by coils. Common side effects are minor but risks include seizures. While promising results have been seen, research on TMS is still developing and FDA approval is currently only for treating major depressive disorder.

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    At a glance
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    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate neurons in the brain. It works by inducing weak electric currents in the brain through electromagnetic induction.

    TMS is a non-invasive method of neurostimulation that uses rapidly changing magnetic fields to induce electric currents in the brain. It works by causing depolarization or hyperpolarization of neurons through pulses from a coil placed on the head.

    There are different types of TMS including single-pulse TMS, paired-pulse TMS, and repetitive TMS (rTMS) which can be low or high frequency. Coils used include figure-8, double-cone, and round coils.

    Transcranial Magnetic

    Stimulation
    Rachel McAteer
    BME 281
    What is TMS?

    Non-invasive method of
    neurostimulation/neuromodulation
    Causes:
    Depolarization makes a cells membrane potential
    more positive
    Hyperpolarization makes a cells membrane
    potential more negative
    Induces controlled and controllable manipulations in
    behavior
    How it works:
    Uses a rapidly changing
    magnetic field to induce weak
    electric currents, through
    pulses.
    Induced by
    electromagnetic induction
    Generally reach no more
    than 5cm into the brain

    *Coil is held above the head;


    pulses penetrate skin and
    skull.
    Plastic-enclosed wire coils deliver pulses

    A. Figure-8 coil
    B. Double-cone coil
    C. Round coil

    * Four-leaf coils are also used (not pictured)

    B.
    C.

    A.
    Kinds of TMS
    Single-Pulse TMS Delivers one stimulus at a
    time

    Paired-Pulse TMS Pairs of stimuli separated by a


    variable interval

    Repetitive TMS (rTMS) Delivered in trains (can


    be of low or high frequency)
    Two Main Categories:

    Diagnostic cases

    Therapeutic cases
    Diagnostic

    Used clinically to:


    Measure activity of certain brain circuits
    Survey the damage done to particular muscles following
    stroke, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, and other
    injuries or disorders
    Locate tumors and other lesions to generate preoperative
    motor maps
    Therapeutic

    rTMS
    Used for both rehabilitation and symptom alleviating
    purposes
    Possible therapy for tic disorders, autism, migraines, tinnitus,
    and in the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders including
    PTSD, schizophrenia, and, popularly, Major Depressive
    Disorder
    Risks/side effects

    Common side effects: local pain, headache, and mild


    discomfort
    Could potentially displace ferromagnetic objects (e.g titanium
    skull plates)
    Can induce voltages in nearby electronic devices/wires
    Temporary increases in auditory thresholds
    Induction of seizures
    Syncope
    Discussion
    Diagnostic:

    Diagnostically, the only FDA approval is the Navigated Brain


    Stimulation System for pre-surgical planning in patients
    undergoing brain surgery.

    Proven equally successful as traditional imaging methods in


    producing preoperative motor maps.
    When compared to direct cortical stimulation (DCS), it was
    found that TMS was able to recognize every motor site
    mapped by DCS
    Therapeutic:

    FDA has currently only approved rTMS as a treatment for


    Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (under Class II restrictions
    special controls).

    Generally inconsistent results:


    Ebmeier and colleagues - conducted a 5-day study with 15
    patients that called for them to be treated twice per day. At the
    end of the study, the participants saw a reduction of 44% on
    Hamilton depression scales.
    Another trial testing 100 patients, however, saw most to be
    treatment-resistant.
    Current trials include using TMS with: autism, MDD, improving
    speech aphasia
    References
    Hallet, Mark; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro ; Rossi, Simone; Rossini,
    Paolo M. "Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines
    for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice
    and research" Clinical Neurophysiology 120. 12 (2009): 2008-
    2039. Web. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of
    Health. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260536/>
    <http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/420840>
    < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22579164>
    <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation#Dia
    gnostic_use>
    <https://www.unitedhealthcareonline.com/ccmcontent/ProviderII/UH
    C/en-
    US/Assets/ProviderStaticFiles/ProviderStaticFilesPdf/Tools%20and
    %20Resources/Policies%20and%20Protocols/Medical%20Policies/
    Medical%20Policies/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation.pdf>
    <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120726180305.htm
    >

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