Systems Software

Software

A collection of instructions that tells

the computer what to do
 System Software: The OS
Controls computer functions
Hardware
Processor
Memory
Devices
Provides means for software to work with the CPU
Responsible for management, scheduling, and
interaction of tasks
Provides user interface

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 System Software: Utilities
Utilities: Programs that perform computer
housekeeping tasks
Manage system resources
Improve efficiency
Virus prevention

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 Operating System Categories
Four categories:
Real-time (RTOS)
Single-user, single-task
Single-user, multitask
Multiuser

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 Real-Time Operating Systems
Systems with a specific
purpose and a certain
result
Uses include:
Industrial machines
Robotic devices
Automobiles
Video game consoles
Home appliances

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 Single-User Operating Systems
Single-task systems Multitask systems
Perform one task at a time Perform simultaneous tasks
PDAs: Windows
Pocket PC Mac OS
Palm OS Linux
Windows Mobile
MS-DOS

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 Multiuser Operating Systems
Known as network operating systems
Allow access to the computer system by more than
one user
Manage user requests
Systems include:
Linux
UNIX
Unicos
Windows Server 2008
Windows Vista
Mac OS X
i5/OS
z/OS
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 Desktop and Notebook
Operating Systems
An operating system combined with a processor
is known as a platform.
Microsoft Windows/Intel
Apple Macintosh/Motorola
Desktop and notebook operating systems
include:
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux
UNIX

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Microsoft Windows
This version of
Windows, which
comes in many
versions,
provides tighter
security and
improved
graphical
capabilities.

Windows Vista
(2007)

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WINDOWS 7 (CODENAMEDVIENNA,
FORMERLYBLACKCOMB)
 WINDOWS 7 (CODENAMEDVIENNA,
FORMERLYBLACKCOMB)
PERSONAL
COMPUTEROPERATING
SYSTEMDEVELOPED BY
MICROSOFT.
PART OFWINDOWS NTFAMILY OF
OPERATING SYSTEMS.
BECAME GENERALLY AVAILABLE
ON 22 OCTOBER 2009,
 Mac OS
First commercially
available OS with point-
and-click technology
(graphical user
interface)
Excellent in:
Graphics display
Processing capabilities
System reliability
File backup utilities
Document recovery
Fewer software
applications available
than for Windows

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 Linux
Open source
operating system
Based on UNIX
Stable system
Free
May be downloaded
from the Internet

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 Operating Systems for
Servers and Mainframes
Servers
Manage network resources
Mainframes
Handle requests from hundreds or thousands
of users simultaneously
Operating systems:
Windows Server
Unix

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 UNIX
Multiuser, multitask operating system
Used primarily with mainframes

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 What the OS Does
Provides a user interface
Manages the CPU
Manages memory and storage
Manages hardware and peripheral
devices
Coordinates application software
with the CPU

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 The User Interface
Enables you to interact
with the computer
Command-driven
Types of interfaces:
Command-driven
interface
Menu-driven interface
Graphical user interface
(GUI)

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 Processor Management
Controls the timing of events the processor
works on
Interrupts
Interrupt handler
Interrupt table
Stack

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 Memory and Storage
Management
The operating system allocates space in
RAM for instructions and data.

RAM

Operating

System

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 Hardware and Peripheral
Device Management
Device drivers
Programs that enable the operating system to
communicate with peripheral devices
Provided by the manufacturer of the device
Plug and Play
Hardware and software standard
Facilitates the installation of new hardware

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 Software Application Coordination

Application programming interfaces (APIs)

Blocks of code contained in the operating
system
Coordinate the operating system with software
applications
Similar toolbars and menus

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 Starting the Computer
The Boot Process
Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated.

Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware.

Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM.

Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked .

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The Desktop

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 Windows
Title bar Close button

Ribbon
Minimize button

Maximize/Restore
button

Scrollbar

Document view
options

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 File Management
The operating system provides an
organizational structure for the computers
contents.
Hierarchical structure of directories:
Drives
Folders
Subfolders
Files

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File Management

Files and folders

inside MGT 111
Spring folder

Navigation pane with links to

favorite folders
MGT 111 Spring folder
selected
Click to display the Searches
Folders presented in a hierarchical Folder
structure

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 Viewing and Sorting
Files and Folders
Details view

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 Naming Files
Filename: Name
assigned plus filename
extension
Bioreport.docx
Characters not legal in
or
Windows filenames:
Bio report.docx
/\*?<>|:
Character not legal in
Mac filenames:
:

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 Filename Extensions
Extension Type of Document Application
.doc Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2003
Microsoft Word 2007
.docx Word-processing document
document
.wpd Word-processing document Corel WordPerfect
Microsoft Excel 2007
.xlsx Spreadsheet
workbook
.accdb Database Microsoft Access 2007
Microsoft PowerPoint 2007
.pptx PowerPoint presentation
presentation
Adobe Acrobat or Adobe
.pdf Portable Document Format
Reader
Any program that can read
.rtf Text
text documents
Any program that can read
.txt Text
text documents
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 Filename Extensions (cont.)
Extension Type of Document Application

Any program that can read

.htm or .html Web page
HTML
Joint Photographic Experts Most programs capable of
.jpg
Group (JPEG) image displaying images
Graphic Interchange Format Most programs capable of
.gif
(GIF) image displaying images

.bmp Bitmap image Windows

.zip Compressed file WinZip

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 File Path
File path: Location of the file

C:\My Documents\CSC 101\Study Guide 1.docx

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 Working with Files
File management actions:
Open
Copy
Move
Rename
Delete
Recycle Bin

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 Utility Programs
Small programs that perform special
functions:
Manage system resources
Create a pleasant environment
Improve efficiency

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 Display Utilities
Change the appearance of:
Desktop
Windows colors
Font sizes
Include:
Screen savers
Screen resolution
Clear Type

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 System Maintenance Utilities

Disk defragmenter
ScanDisk:
Error checker
Disk Cleanup
Task Manager

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 System Restore
Restores system settings to a specific
date

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 System Backup
Backup
Creates a copy of a hard drive to another storage
device
Task Scheduler
Runs selected utilities automatically

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